The North Korea Swot Analysis History Essay

North Korea is in eastern Asia and occupies the northern half of the Korean Peninsula. It borders China to the north, Russia to the far northeast, the Sea of Japan / East Sea to the east, South Korea to the south, and the Korean Bay and Yellow Sea to the west. The country covers an area of 120,549 square kilometers (46,543 square miles), making it slightly smaller than the state of Mississippi. It has 1,673 kilometers (1,039 miles) of land borders and 2,495 kilometers (1,550 miles) of coastline. The capital city, P’yongyang, is situated in the western part of the country, while the other major cities of Hungnam, Ch’ongjin, and Namp’o are in the east, northeast, and west, respectively. [3]

An independent kingdom for much of its long history, Korea was occupied by Japan beginning in 1905 following the Russo-Japanese War. Five years later, Japan formally annexed the entire peninsula. Following World War II, Korea was split with the northern half coming under Soviet-sponsored Communist control. After failing in the Korean War (1950-53) to conquer the US-backed Republic of Korea (ROK) in the southern portion by force, North Korea (DPRK), under its founder President KIM Il Sung, adopted a policy of ostensible diplomatic and economic “self-reliance” as a check against outside influence. The DPRK demonized the US as the ultimate threat to its social system through state-funded propaganda, and molded political, economic, and military policies around the core ideological objective of eventual unification of Korea under Pyongyang’s control. KIM Il Sung’s son, KIM Jong I, was officially designated as his father’s successor in 1980, assuming a growing political and managerial role until the elder KIM’s death in 1994. KIM Jong UN was publicly unveiled as his father’s successor in September 2010. Following KIM Jong Il’s death in December 2011, the regime began to take actions to transfer power to KIM Jong Un and Jong Un has begun to assume his father’s former titles and duties. After decades of economic mismanagement and resource misallocation, the DPRK since the mid-1990s has relied heavily on international aid to feed its population. North Korea’s history of regional military provocations, proliferation of military-related items, long-range missile development, WMD programs including tests of nuclear devices in 2006 and 2009, and massive conventional armed forces are of major concern to the international community. The regime has marked 2012, the centenary of KIM IL Sung’s birth, a banner year; to that end, the country has heightened its focus on developing its economy and improving its people’s livelihoods. [2]

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STRENGTHS

INDUSTRY:

Accounting for 42 percent of GDP in 1999, industry is the largest sector of the North Korean economy. Along with services, it employs 64 percent of the North Korean workforce. [3]

NORTH KOREA SECURITY:

North Korea’s isolation from the outside world ensures strong control over the population and it is well prepared for any attack.

A well organized army acts as a deterrent to attacks by China, South Korea or the US.[1]

NORTH KOREA DEFENCE INDUSTRY:

Almost self-sufficient in military production.

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Extensive naval facilities.

Reasonably cordial relations with China and trade continue with former Soviet bloc countries.

Trading in missile technologies, although banned internationally, has ensured invaluable income.

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The army has taken over control of farms and other industries. [1]

TOURISM:

Wide range of natural attractions

3 star hotels in Pyongyang and key locations

Good choice of local cuisine

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Historical and cultural heritage

Hospitality

Impressive monuments and government buildings

Good network highways

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Clean and well-maintained tour coaches

Well-trained guys, excellent foreing language skills

Facilities capable of handling small conferences[4]

MINING AND METAL PROCESSING:

The economy depends to a considerable degree on the extraction of its many mineral resources for fuels, industrial raw materials, and metal processing as well as for exports.

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Anthracite coal, with estimated reserves of 1.8 billion tons, is the most abundant of the country’s mineral resources. It is produced in large quantity for both domestic consumption and export.

Coal mines, largely concentrated in South P’yngan Province, produced 68 million tons and 22 million tons, respectively, of anthracite and the less abundant lignite coal in 1990.

With estimated reserves of 400 million tons, iron ore continues to be important for domestic industry and is a major source of foreign exchange.

According to Western estimates, annual iron ore output increased from 8 million tons in 1985 to 10 million tons in 1990.

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North Korea possesses the largest and some of the best quality magnesite deposits in the world–an estimated 490 million tons. The mining of magnesite is important for the domestic industrial ceramics industry and for exports.

Other important minerals are lead, zinc, tungsten, mercury, copper, phosphate, gold, silver, and sulfur; manganese, graphite, apatite, fluorite, barite, limestone, and talc also are found in great supply. Zinc and lead ingots, among the leading exports, are produced at domestic smelting plants in Tanch’n, Namp’o, Haeju, and Munpyng.[7]

MANUFACTURING:

The machine building industry grew rapidly beginning in the mid-1950s and had become the most important industrial sector by 1960. It supplies machinery needed for domestic industry and agriculture, such as tractors and other farm machinery, as well as an extensive range of military equipment.

The quality of machinery generally is considered below international standards. Utilizing the country’s relatively abundant iron ore, the steel industry is a major industrial sector.

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The textile industry, the most important light industrial sector, utilizes primarily locally produced synthetics and petrochemically based fibers, as well as cotton and silk. P’yongyang, the site of the P’yongyang Integrated

Textile Mill, is the country’s textile capital, but Siniju and Sariwn have been gaining in importance.[6]

CHIEF EXPORTS:

Minerals, metallurgical products, manufactures (including armaments), agricultural, fishery products.[5]

CYBERWARFARE STRENGTH:

North Korea ‘s military has been increasing its ability to launch cyber attacks against American and South Korean forces.

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North Korea  employs sophisticated computer hackers trained to launch cyber infiltration and cyber attacks.[8]

DEFENSE AND MILITARY ISSUES:

North Korea has one of the largest armies in the world. It has an estimated active duty military force of up to 1.2 million personnel, compared to about 680,000 in the South.

Military spending is estimated at as much as a quarter of GNP, with up to 20% of men ages 17-54 in the regular armed forces.

North Korean forces have a substantial numerical advantage over the South (around 2 to 1) in several key categories of offensive weapons–tanks, long-range artillery, and armored personnel carriers.

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The North has one of the world’s largest special operations forces, designed for insertion behind the lines in wartime.[9]

NORTH KOREAN SYSTEM:

With the extreme idolization of Kim Jong-il, people regard him almost as a divine figure, and the feudal values of allegiance and filialty are still firmly rooted among them.

High-ranking officials, who live in constant fear of purge and wiretapping, cannot muster the courage to form factions, but have to toady to the powerful for their own safety.

Same with the ordinary people. They cannot oppose the regime; they just shout ‘Hail to Kim Jong-il,’ though they live in dire poverty.[10]

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HIGH LITERACY RATE:

The literacy rate, estimated at 99 percent in 1990, is high.[9]

FOREIGN RELATION:

North Korea has long maintained close relations with the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and Russia.

The fall of communism in Eastern Europe in 1989, and the disintegration of the Soviet Union in 1991, resulted in a devastating drop in aid to North Korea from Russia, although China continues to provide substantial assistance.[11]

OTHERS:

Self-sufficiency in agriculture remains an important pillar of North Korean ideology, self-sufficiency in food production is deemed a worthy goal

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According to a 2012 report by South Korea-based North Korea Resource Institute (NKRI) North Korea has substantial reserves of iron ore, coal, limestone and magnesite.

In addition, North Korea is thought to have tremendous potential rare metal resources, which have been valued in excess of $6 trillion USD.

The most successful export industry is the garment industry. Production is by a North Korean firm for a European or other foreign partner, by a Chinese firm operating in North Korea with a North Korean partner, or by North Korean workers working in Chinese or other foreign factories. Wages are the lowest in northeastern Asia.[5]

WEAKNESSES

TOURISM:

Limited air access

Strict visa requirements

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Public image of North Korea- driven by politics and hostile media

Tourism infrastructure need upgrading

Limited training for personnel dealing with tourists

Limited choice of non-Korean food

Limited range of souvenirs, expensive

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Restrictions of foreign private investments

Harsh winter reduces tourist season to 9 months or less. [4]

NORTH KOREA SECURITY:

North Korea is dependent on outside aid to feed its 23mn people, many of whom have attempted to flee to South Korea or China. North Korea’s decision to test nuclear missiles in 2006 and continuing missile tests in the past two years, which intensified in 2009, led to further UN and economic sanctions and, as such, worsened conditions for the North Korean population and a decline in income-earning arms exports.

The closed economy is unable to resolve the country’s severe shortages.

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China will always have the last word and has to rein in North Korea’s tortuous and threatening foreign policy.

The country continues to try to evade trade sanctions and ships. [1]

NORTH KOREA DEFENCE INDUSTRY:

The military is incapable of producing aircraft, sophisticated radars or modern electronic equipment.

Limited research and development facilities and investment.

UN sanctions have had a negative effect on North Korean defence exports. [1]

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INDUSTRY:

As was the case with the growth in national output, the pace of growth has slowed markedly since the 1960s. The rate declined from 41.7 percent and 36.6 percent a year during the 3- year Plan and 5-Year Plan, respectively, to 12.8 %, 16.3 %, and 12.2 %respectively, during the First Seven Year Plan, Six-Year Plan, and Second Seven-Year Plan.[5]

MINING AND METAL PROCESSING:

Despite a fairly steady increase in the 1980s, coal production has not been able to catch up with incrising demand. This situation has created a persistent energy shortage because the country is totaly depend on coal as its main energy source and lacks any reserves of oil or gas.

The lagging coal industry remains a major bottleneck. The aging of existing mining equipment and facilities, the inefficiency that arrive from the increasing need to mine deeper seams, and a sortage of modern, efficient equipment are the primary reasons for the production lag in extractive industries.

Because of the lack of domestic reserves, the country continues to depend on foreign sources for bituminous coal.

However, the rest of its resources (brown and lignite coal, iron ore, cement, copper, lead, zinc, gold, tungsten, graphite, salt, and silver) are not sizeable enough to make the country a major world producer.[7]

MANUFACTURING:

Production levels since the early 1960s, however, have been not that much exisiting .

Light manufacturing has not kept pace with heavy industry.

The heavy relay on the Soviet Union for financing, technology, equipment, spare parts, and energy result in to a major decline in manufacturing once the Soviet Union ceased to be a source of assistance.

Outdated technology, a lack of coking coal, and the low purity of domestic services.

Iron ore created major problems for the iron and steel industry. These difficulties resulted that government has to scale down the crude steel target by the end of the Third Seven-Year Plan compared with the earlier target of 15 million tons by the end of the 1980s.[5]

NORTH KOREAN SYSTEM:

The main weakness of the North Korean system is that it is not a socialist system, but a modern version of the feudalistic system.

People are arising more and more indifferent to socialist values, and communist ethics have result in to fallen to the ground. Also, corruption is widespread among officials and a growing number of people are turning to deviant Behavior.[10]

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ECONOMIC SECTORS:

North Korea’s economy is in bankrupts. The disintegration of the Soviet Union, government mismanagement, and natural calamities has been partly responsible for the poor performance of the country’s economic sectors.

Industry is the main sector but is unable to generate revenue, jobs, and consumer goods are does not meet the country’s demands.[12]

GOVERNMENT AND POLITICAL CONDITIONS:

North Korea has a centralized government under the strict control of the communist Korean Workers’ Party (KWP), to which all government officials belong. A few minor political parties are allowed to exist in name only.[13]

FOREIGN RELATIONS:

North Korea’s relationship with the South has determined much of its post-World War II history and still braces up much of its foreign policy. North and South Korea have had a difficult and bitter relationship since the Korean War.

North Korea’s nearest allies are China and Russia. It maintains limited relations with other nations, but has no official, diplomatic ties with South Korea, the United States, or Japan. All member nations of the European Union with the exclsion of Estonia and France maintain diplomatic relations with North Korea.[14]

SERVICE SECTOR:

Service sector is the very least developed sector in the North Korean economy, contributing just 28 % of GDP in 1999.

There is no exact record of employment figures for the services sector, but by watching the available evidence iwe can say that only a small percentage of the labor force is involved.

[3]

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FINANCIAL SERVICES:

North Korea’s financial sector is state-dominated. Two state banks control the entire industry: the Central Bank of North Korea, which has 227 local branches, and Changgwang Credit Bank, with 172 branches. [3]

CONSTRUCTION:

The construction industry has also suffered from the country’s economic downfall. Since the 1990s, a decline in industrial construction, housing, and building of infrastructure has reduced activity in the sector.

The construction industry’s share of GDP came down from 9.1 % in 1992 to 6.1 % in 1999.[3]

OTHERS:

The energy sector is one of the most serious constrictions in the North Korean economy. Since 1990 the supply of oil, coal, and electricity declined steadily, and seriously affected all sectors of the north korean economy.[5]

Crude oil was formerly imported by pipeline at “friendship prices” from the former USSR or China, but the backdown of Russian grants and the reduction of imports from China felt down the annual imports. [5] 

 Coal production peaked at 43 million tons in 1989 and steadily reduced to 18.6 million tons in 1998. Major causes of coal scarecity include mine flooding, and veryold mining technology. As coal was used mainly for industry and electricity generation, reduction in coal production result in to serious problems in industrial production and electricity generation. [5]

The country’s thin agricultural resources bound agricultural growth. Climate, parcel of land , and soil conditions are not particularly prosperous for farming. Only about 18% of the total landmass, or approximately 22,000 km², is cultivable; the major portion of the country is rugged mountain terrain. The weather changes markedly according to elevation, and lack of precipitation, along with unfertile soil, makes land at elevations higher than 400 meters inapplicable for purposes other than grazing. [5] 

OPPORTUNITIES

NORTH KOREA SECURITY:

North Korea’s on-off attitude towards participating in the six party talks without further conditions continues to pose a dangerous risk to future denuclearization and threatens its neighbours.

While China and South Korea have increased efforts to prevent North Korea from becoming insulated, the US has become growingly impatient with what it perceives as spoiling of the country.

South Korean seeks to exploit cheap North Korean labour in joint ventures could employ hundreds of thousands of North Koreans and the expansion of business should improve security on the land .

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Bilateral talks with Japan leading to the establishment of working groups to resolve disputes may ease the tension between the countries. [1]

NORTH KOREA DEFENCE INDUSTRY:

Iran, Pakistan, Syria, Myanmar and Yemen are among the countries that are tradeing with North Korea for nuclear technology or information.

North Korea has sold 18 BM-25 missiles to Iran, according to German intelligence.

Iran is expected to modify them to increase their range and also work on binding of the nuclear warheads.

The replacement to Kim Jong-il may have to deal with a changed international landscape and an increasingly impatient China, possibly leading to a mellowing of relations. [1]

MINING AND METAL PROCESSING:

To stress the importance of developing the mining and power industries and rail transport

Iron ore continues to be important for domestic industry and is a main and allmost source of foreign exchange.

The mining of magnesite is important for the domestic industrial ceramics industry and for exports of the country.

Other important and very scare minerals are lead, zinc, tungsten, mercury, copper, phosphate, gold, silver, and sulfur; manganese, graphite, apatite, fluorite, barite, limestone, and talc also are found in great supply as well as for export of the country.

As with other industries, only substantial investment will allow the mining industry to become a important source of economic growth.[7]

MANUFACTURING:

During the 3rd Seven-Year Plan (1987-93), the government plans to develope the machinery industry by introducing high-technology and high-speed exactitude machines and equipment.

Utilizing the country’s relatively luxuriant iron ore, the steel industry is one of the major industrial sector.

Since the 1970s, the leadership has commenced to accept openly the backwardness of consumer goods in terms of quality and variety.

The government’s emphasize on providing enough consumer goods continues into the early 1990s. In his 1992 New Year’s cover , Kim Il Sung emphasized achieving the people’s long precious desire that “all people might equally eat rice and meat soup regularly, wear silk clothes, and live in a house with a covered roof.”

By modernizing existing equipment and installing new spinning and weaving machines, the government plans to increase the annual production of textiles industry.

North Korea also has a chemical weapons capacity for manufacturing as well as for tradind also.

The country’s manufacturing facilities need development and the expansion of its light and consumer industries.[6]

TOURISM:

A trip to North Korea – novelty, ‘bragging rights’

Perception of last bastion of socialism/communism

Focused marketing and destination brand development

Attract foreign arilines to open scheduled or charter air services

Foreign tourism development

Huge potential markets in neighbouring countries

Potential niche products, winter sports, ecotourism, VFR, conferneces

Accelerating cooperation with South Korea and potential for joint destination marketing.[4

]

NECULAR MATTERS:

In past North Korea was in war with US, but now unlike past generations, the new leadership in North Korea does not want to fight the US but want to be a strong nation accrose the world. It wants peace. North Korea is more willing to give up nuclear weapons if the US provides them with a nuclear defense. So it is very good opportunity for the north Korea that they win American hearts and minds so that they get a protection from the American nation.

OTHERS:

Now a days the official retail sector was mainly state-controlled, under the direction of the People’s Services Committee. Consumer goods were few and of poor quality, with most provided on a ration basis. There were state-run stores and direct factory outlets for the masses, and special shops with luxuries for the elite-as well as a chain of hard-currency stores. So the country can like to open up its own economical retail sectors so that good quality of goods and also wide range of products are available to the people.[5]

Machinery building was considered as the key to industrialization. The next largest shares in total industrial production in 1965 were 17.2 % for textiles and 9.1 % for the food processing and luxury goods industries.

So the economy of North Korea can take one step ahed to develop the textile and food processing sectors of the nation.

Construction was one of the active and profit macking sector in North Korea. This was presented not only through large housing programmes, of which most were visible in the high-rise apartment blocks in Pyongyang, but also in the smaller modern apartment,complexes, widespread even in the countryside. So it can be a good opportunity for the North Korean economy to develop its construction business .

THREATS

NORTH KOREA SECURITY:

The US has pledged that if North Korea attacks on the South Korea it will send up to 690,000 troops and 2,000 aircraft.

Illicit arms exports and proliferation by North Korea may well have contributed to weapons and technologies finishing in the hands of terrorist groups and/or their sponsoring states.

North Korea’s decision to test nuclear missiles has led to a possible arms race in the region, with Japan and South Korea both calling for larger defence budgets in 2006.

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There is always the risk that one of these countries, or both, could develop its own nuclear weapons capability. . [1]

NORTH KOREA DEFENCE INDUSTRY:

Legal arms exports and all other exports remain limited durring the past decade .

Increased maritime security is decrising North Korea’s important illicit trade, which it mostly relies on for funding of nuclear and other programmes.

Hints that Japan may consider enforcing sanctions will add to the already strong restrictions in place. Japan is North Korea’s 3rd largest trading partner and the tightening of restrictions has already been felt.

If the republic ever collapses it would result in to untold suffering, with huge refugee exoduses across the Chinese border and elsewhere, destabilizing the region. [1]

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TOURISM:

Government bureaucracy

Lack of tourism infrastructure funds in the budget of the country.

Lack of destination marketing funds or the promotional tools to attrect the tourist.

Negative impact on markets of under develop political developments

Possible instability if and when the country’s leadership changes

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Fear of an invasion by US and South Korean forces.[4]

OTHERS: 

Possibility of war with China/North Korea/Japan

Energy shartfall if society adopts Japans lead in the atomic energy 

North and South Korea have never signed a formal peace treaty and thus are still officially at war; only a ceasefire was declared.[16]

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