Overview of Synthesis and Preparation Experiments

Introduction:

As we know, Manganese is found in the first row of transition metal with the electron configuration [Ar] 3d5 4s2. Besides that, Manganese has different type of oxidation states when it appears as a compound and the oxidation state is from Mn(-III) until Mn(VII). So, we know that the compounds of manganese range in the oxidation number have a different of 10 electrons. In the experiment 1, we prepare tris(acetylacetonato)manganese(III), Mn(acac)3 by using manganese(II) chloride tetrahydrate and potassium permanganate act as oxidation agent to oxidise manganese(II) chloride to acetylacetonemanganese(III).

Manganese(III) acetylacetonate is an one- electron oxidant. Manganese(III) acetylacetonate

What Citation Formats Do You Support?

We hear “Can you write in APA or MLA?” all the time—and the answer’s a big yes, plus way more! Our writers are wizards with every style—APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Turabian, you name it—delivering flawless formatting tailored to your assignment. Whether it’s a tricky in-text citation or a perfectly styled reference list, they’ve got the skills to make your paper academically spot-on.

is high spin. It has also a distorted octahedral structure. This distortion is due to the Jahn-Teller effect. (Absolute Astronomy, 2009). The structure of Manganese(III) acetylacetonate is shown as below:-

(Source: Tcieurope.com)

The equation is as follow:-

MnCl2 + 4H2O Mn(H2O)4Cl2

Are Paper Services Legal?

Yes, completely! They’re a valid tool for getting sample papers to boost your own writing skills, and there’s nothing shady about that. Use them right—like a study guide or a model to learn from—and they’re a smart, ethical way to level up your grades without breaking any rules.

Mn(H2O)4] Cl + 2HC5H7O2 + NaC2H3O2 Mn(C5H7O2)2 + NaCl + HC2H2O2

4Mn(C5H7O2)2 + KMnO4 + 7HC5H7O2 + HC2H3O2 5Mn(C5H7O2)3 + KC2H3O2 + 4H2O

Furthermore, bis(acetylacetonato)oxovanadium(IV) is also known as Vanadyl acetylacetonate, VO(acac)2. As we know, it is a blue green complex. bis(acetylacetonato)oxovanadium(IV) has a vanadyl group, VO2+. The vanadyl group is bonded to 2 acetylacetonate anions and the structure of the compound is as follow:-

How Much for a Paper?

Prices start at $10 per page for undergrad work and go up to $21 for advanced levels, depending on urgency and any extras you toss in. Deadlines range from a lightning-fast 3 hours to a chill 14 days—plenty of wiggle room there! Plus, if you’re ordering big, you’ll snag 5-10% off, making it easier on your wallet while still getting top-notch quality.

This complex can be made from vanadium(IV) or vanadium(V). In our experiment, bis(acetylacetonato)oxovanadium(IV) was prepared from vanadium(V) oxide and the equation is as follow:-

V2O5 + 2H2SO4 + EtOH 2VOSO4 + 3H2O + CH3CHO

VOSO4 + 2HC5H7O2 + Na2CO3 VO(C5H7O2)2 + Na2So4 + H2O + CO2

(Absolute Astronomy, 2009)

Will Anyone Find Out I Used You?

Nope—your secret’s locked down tight. We encrypt all your data with top-tier security, and every paper’s crafted fresh just for you, run through originality checks to prove it’s one-of-a-kind. No one—professors, classmates, or anyone—will ever know you teamed up with us, guaranteed.

Besides that, both of the acetylacetonato (acac) groups of bis(acetylacetonato)oxovanadium(IV) are able to be exchanged with organic ligands having coordinating atoms of different potentialities. (Maurya, 2003)

Both Manganese(III) acetylacetonate and bis(acetylacetonato)oxovanadium(IV) are bond with acetylacetonate which known as ligand. The precursor for acetylacetonate is acetylacetone with formula C­5H8O2. However, acetylacetonate is an anion. It can bind to corresponding cation but it very hard to exist as a free ion in solution.

In addition, Cobalt is a hard, gray metal. It has a proton number 27. Besided that, there are two types of cobalt ions namely Co2+ and Co3+. First, Co3+ ion is more weaker than the Co2+ ion. However, the complex ion formed with higher oxidation state is more stable. ( °zmir Institute of Technology, n.d.). So that, Cobalt(III) complexes are kinetically inert.

Co3+ can undergo a process known as ligand exchange reactions slowly which compared to Co2+ complexes. The cobalt(III) complexes are usually in octahedral shape. In the experiment, chloropentaamminecobalt(III) chloride is being synthesized. The structure is as follow:-

Do You Rely on AI?

Not even a little—our writers are real-deal experts with degrees, crafting every paper by hand with care and know-how. No AI shortcuts here; it’s all human skill, backed by thorough research and double-checked for uniqueness. You’re getting authentic work that stands out for all the right reasons.

(Source: Chemicalbook.com)

The complex is prepared by the oxidation of ammoniacal solution of cobalt(II) salts by using hydrogen peroxide. The formula is as follow:-

Co2+ + NH4+ + 1/2H202 → [Co(NH3)5H20]3+

[Co(NH3)5H20]3+ + 3Cl- → [Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2 + H20

Why Are You Top for Research Papers?

Our writers are Ph.D.-level pros who live for nailing the details—think deep research and razor-sharp arguments. We pair that with top plagiarism tools, free revisions to tweak anything you need, and fast turnarounds that don’t skimp on quality. Your research paper won’t just shine—it’ll set the bar.

( °zmir Institute of Technology, n.d.)

Materials and Methods:

Experiment one,

5g of MnCl2.4H20

1.3g of NaC2H3O2.3H2O NaC2H3O2.3H2O

Who’s Behind My Essays?

You’re in good hands with degree-holding pros—many rocking Master’s or higher—who’ve crushed our tough vetting tests in writing and their fields. They’re your partners in this, hitting tight deadlines and academic standards with ease, all while tailoring every essay to your exact needs. No matter the topic, they’ve got the chops to make it stellar.

Dissolved in 200cm3 of distilled water.

21cm3 of 2HC5H7O2 slowly added

1g of KMnO4

Present of two-phase layer

Is My Paper Original?

100%—we promise! Every paper’s written fresh from scratch—no AI, no copying—just solid research and proper citations from our expert writers. You can even request a plagiarism report to see it’s 95%+ unique, giving you total confidence it’s submission-ready and one-of-a-kind.

Solution A added in with stirring

Dissolved in 50cm3 of distilled water.

13g of NaC2H3O2.3H2O

Solution B added in

Can You Do Any Citation Style?

Yep—APA, Turabian, IEEE, Chicago, MLA, whatever you throw at us! Our writers nail every detail of your chosen style, matching your guidelines down to the last comma and period. It’s all about making sure your paper fits academic expectations perfectly, no sweat.

Solution A

Solution B

Dissolved in 50cm3 of distilled water.

Heated with 60oC for 30 minutes

Can I Adjust Instructions Later?

Absolutely—life happens, and we’re flexible! Chat with your writer anytime through our system to update details, tweak the focus, or add new requirements, and they’ll pivot fast to keep your paper on point. It’s all about making sure the final draft is exactly what you need, no stress involved.

Complex washed with acetone

Solid complex filtered by suction

Resultant solution was cooled with ice-cold water

Experiment 2

How Do I Get Started?

It’s super easy—order online with a few clicks, then track progress with drafts as your writer works their magic. Once it’s done, download it from your account, give it a once-over, and release payment only when you’re thrilled with the result. It’s fast, affordable, and built with students like you in mind!

Experiment 3

5 cm3 distilled water

4 cm3 concentrated H2SO4

10 cm3 ethanol

How Fast for Rush Jobs?

We can crank out a killer paper in 24 hours—quality locked in, no shortcuts. Just set your deadline when you order, and our pros will hustle to deliver, even if you’re racing the clock. Perfect for those last-minute crunches without compromising on the good stuff.

Were added in.

Recrystallise

Results :

For experiment 1,

from the equation below, I can get the theoretical mass of the Mn(acac)3 solid complex by :

Mn(H2O)4] Cl + 2HC5H7O2 + NaC2H3O2 Mn(C5H7O2)2 + NaCl + HC2H2O2

4Mn(C5H7O2)2 + KMnO4 + 7HC5H7O2 + HC2H3O2 5Mn(C5H7O2)3 + KC2H3O2 + 4H2O

Can You Handle Complex Subjects?

For sure! Our writers with advanced degrees dive into any topic—think quantum physics or medieval lit—with deep research and clear, sharp writing. They’ll tailor it to your academic level, ensuring it’s thorough yet easy to follow, no matter how tricky the subject gets.

From the equation, we know that 1 mol of Mn(H2O)4] Cl = 1 mol of Mn(C5H7O2)2.

So, 5 g of Mn(H2O)4] Cl = 0.0308 mol is also = 0.0308 mol of Mn(C5H7O2)2.

From the second equation, 4 mol of Mn(C5H7O2)2 = 5 mol of Mn(acac)3

0.0308 mol of Mn(C5H7O2)2 = 0.0385 mol.

So, theoretical weight of Mn(acac)3 = 0.0385 mol X 252.938 g/mol

How Do You Meet Prof Standards?

We stick to your rubric like glue—nailing the structure, depth, and tone your professor wants—then polish it with edits for that extra shine. Our writers know what profs look for, and we double-check every detail to make sure it’s submission-ready and grade-worthy.

theoretical weight of Mn(acac)3 = 9.7381 g

The following shows the method to get our experimental weight:

Weight of Sample tube

14. 8180 g

Weight of Sample tube + solid complex , Mn(acac)3

What’s Your Editing Like?

Send us your draft and tell us your goals—we’ll refine it, tightening arguments and boosting clarity while keeping your unique voice intact. Our editors work fast, delivering pro-level results that make your paper pop, whether it’s a light touch-up or a deeper rework.

18.7785 g

So, the experimental weight of Mn(acac)3complexes were 3.9605 g

Percentage yield of Mn(acac)3complexes we get was = 3.9605 g / 9.7381 g X 100 %

= 40.67 %

Next, Magnetic moment of Mn(acac)3complexes were calculated as follow :

m = 0.9278g- 0.8193g

= 0.1085g

Can You Pick My Topic?

Yes—we’ve got your back! We’ll brainstorm fresh, workable ideas tailored to your assignment, picking ones that spark interest and fit the scope. You choose the winner, and we’ll turn it into a standout paper that’s all yours.

Ro= -33

L = 2.4cm

R= 1165 (paramagnetic)

CBal = 1

X(g) = [CBal X L X (R-Ro) ] / 109 X m

X(g) of Mn(acac)3complexes = 2.65 X 10-5

So, Mn(acac)3complexes are paramagnetic

Interpretation of IR spectrum for complexes will be written in discussion.

Do You Do Quick Revisions?

Yep—need changes fast? We’ll jump on your paper and polish it up in hours, fixing whatever needs tweaking so it’s ready to submit with zero stress. Just let us know what’s off, and we’ll make it right, pronto.

For experiment 2,

from the equation below, I can get the theoretical mass of the [Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2 solid complex by :

Co2+ + NH4+ + 1/2H202 → [Co(NH3)5H20]3+

[Co(NH3)5H20]3+ + 3Cl- → [Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2 + H20

From the above equation, 1 mol of Co2+ = 1 mol of [Co(NH3)5H2O]3+

12g of Co2+ = 0.0504 mol

So 0.0504 mol of [Co(NH3)5H20]3+= 0.0504 mol of [Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2

Can You Outline First?

Sure thing! We’ll whip up a clear outline to map out your paper’s flow—key points, structure, all of it—so you can sign off before we dive in. It’s a handy way to keep everything aligned with your vision from the start.

Theoretical weight of [Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2 solid complexes = 0.0504 mol X 250.433 g/mol

= 12.6218 g

The following shows the method to get our experimental weight:

Weight of Sample tube

14. 9285 g

Weight of Sample tube + solid complex , Mn(acac)3

22.3723 g

So, the experimental weight of [Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2 solid complexes = 7.4438 g

Percentage yield of [Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2complexes = 7.4438 g / 12.6218 g X 100 %

= 58.98 %

Next, Magnetic moment of [Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2complexes were calculated as follow :

m = 0.9264g- 0.8207g

Can You Add Data or Graphs?

Absolutely—we’ll weave in sharp analysis or eye-catching visuals like stats and charts to level up your paper. Whether it’s crunching numbers or designing a graph, our writers make it professional and impactful, tailored to your topic.

= 0.1057g

Ro= -36

L = 2.1cm

R= -41 (dimagnetic)

CBal = 1

X(g) = [CBal X L X (R-Ro) ] / 109 X m

X(g) of [Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2complexes = -9.9338 X 10-8

So, [Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2complexes are dimagnetic

For experiment 3,

from the equation below, I can get the theoretical mass of the [Vo(acac)2(H2O)] solid complex by :

V2O5 + 2H2SO4 + EtOH 2VOSO4 + 3H2O + CH3CHO

VOSO4 + 2HC5H7O2 + Na2CO3 VO(C5H7O2)2 + Na2So4 + H2O + CO2

How Do You Manage Big Projects?

We tackle each chunk with precision, keeping quality consistent and deadlines on track from start to finish. Whether it’s a dissertation or a multi-part essay, we stay in sync with you, delivering top-notch work every step of the way.

From the above equation, 1 mol of V2O5 = 2 mol of VOSO4

2g 0f V2O5 = 0.011 mol = 0.022 mol of VOSO4

2 mol of VOSO4 = 2 mol of VO(C5H7O2)2

Theoretical weight of VO(C5H7O2)2= 0.022 mol X 264.94 g/mol

= 5.8287 g

The following shows the method to get our experimental weight:

Weight of Sample tube

Do You Follow Global Academic Rules?

Yes—we’ve got it down! Our writers switch seamlessly between UK, US, Australian, or any other standards, matching your school’s exact expectations. Your paper will feel native to your system, polished and ready for wherever you’re studying.

14.8445 g

Weight of Sample tube + solid complex , Mn(acac)3

18.5818 g

So, the experimental weight of VO(C5H7O2)2= 3.7373 g

Percentage yield of VO(C5H7O2)2= 3.7373 g / 5.8287 g X 100%

= 64.12%

Next, Magnetic moment of impure VO(C5H7O2)2 complexes were calculated as follow :

What is a progressive delivery and how does it work?

Progressive delivery is a cool option where we send your paper in chunks—perfect for big projects like theses or dissertations. You can even pay for it in installments. It’s just 10% extra on your order price, but the perks are worth it. You’ll stay in closer touch with your writer and can give feedback on each part before they move to the next. That way, you’re in the driver’s seat, making sure everything lines up with what you need. It saves time too—your writer can tweak things based on your notes without having to redo huge sections later.

m = 0.8880g – 0.8244 g

= 0.0636g

Ro= -34

L = 2.5cm

I received some comments from my teacher. Can you help me with them?

Absolutely! If your teacher’s got feedback, you can request a free revision within 7 days of approving your paper—just hit the revision request button on your personal order page. Want a different writer to take a crack at it? You can ask for that too, though we might need an extra 12 hours to line someone up. After that 7-day window, free revisions wrap up, but you can still go for a paid minor or major revision (details are on your order page). What if I’m not satisfied with my order? If your paper needs some tweaks, you’ve got that free 7-day revision window after approval—just use the “Revision” button on your page. Once those 7 days are up, paid revision options kick in, and the cost depends on how much needs fixing. Chat with our support team to figure out the best way forward. If you feel the writer missed the mark on your instructions and the quality’s off, let us know—we’ll dig in and sort it out. If revisions don’t cut it, you can ask for a refund. Our dispute team will look into it and figure out what we can offer. Check out our money-back guarantee page for the full scoop.

R= 72 (paramagnetic)

CBal = 1

X(g) = [CBal X L X (R-Ro) ] / 109 X m

X(g) of impure VO(C5H7O2)2complexes = 4.17 X 10-6

So, VO(C5H7O2)2complexes are paramagnetic

Magnetic moment of pure VO(C5H7O2)2 complexes were calculated as follow :

m = 0.8947g -0.8211

= 0.0736g

Ro= -33

L = 2.3cm

R= 144 (paramagnetic)

CBal = 1

X(g) of pure VO(C5H7O2)2complexes = 5.53 X 10-6

Discussion :

Interpretation of IR spectrum for tris(acetylacetonato)manganese(III):

Wavenumber (cm-1)

Description of bands

2921.1 – 2959.7

-relative intensity : weak

CH stretching of CH3

1593.9

1508.0

-relative intensity : strong

-(C=C) stretching

-(C=CH) deformation

1387.2

-relative intensity : strong

-(CH3)- symmetric C-H deformation

1253.5

-relative intensity : strong

-(C=C) stretching

-(C-CH3) stretching

1016.8

-relative intensity : strong

-(CH3) out-of plane bending

923.2

-relative intensity : strong

-(C-CH3) stretching

777.0

-relative intensity : strong

-(C-H)deformation

678.1

-relative intensity : medium/ strong

-(C-CH3)stretching,(O=C-CH3) deformation

-(Mn-O) stretching indicates metal-ligand bond

460.1

– relative intensity : weak

– (C=C) stretching,(C-CH3) stretching

-(Mn-O) stretching that also indicates metal-ligand bond

Interpretation of IR spectrum for chloropentaamminecobalt(III) chloride:

Wavenumber (cm-1)

Description of bands

3258.0

-relative intensity : strong

NH3 stretch

1576.2

-relative intensity : medium

-degenerate asymmetric NH3 stretching

1307.8

-relative intensity : strong

-symmetric NH3 angle deformation

844.9

-relative intensity : strong

-NH3 rocking

487.6

-(Co-Cl) stretching indicates metal-ligand bond

Interpretation of IR spectrum for impure bis(acetylacetonato)oxovanadium(IV):

Wavenumber (cm-1)

Description of bands

1556.8

1521.0

-relative intensity : medium

– (C=O) stretching

-( C=C),(C=CH) stretching

1418.7

-relative intensity : medium

-(CH3) deformation

1374.0

1357.6

-relative intensity : strong

-(C=O) stretching

-(CH3) deformation mode

1286.6

-relative intensity : strong

-(C=C=C) stretching

998.2

-relative intensity : strong and sharp

-stretching of V=O bond

-it also indicates the metal-ligand bond.

1018.6

-relative intensity : strong

-(CH3) rocking

936.1

-relative intensity : strong

-(C-CH3) stretching

-(C=O) stretching

798.6

-relative intensity : medium

-(C-H) out-of-plane bending

685.9

657.2

-relative intensity : medium/ weak

-(ring) deformation

– out-of-plane bending for:

609.2

-(ring) deformation

Interpretation of IR spectrum for pure bis(acetylacetonato)oxovanadium(IV):

 

FTIR is known as Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. This FTIR can be used to identify different types of chemical bond which is either organic compound or inorganic compound. So no two different compounds will have same spectrum. However, FTIR may cause destructive to our sample compare to magnetic susceptibility which is non-destructive. Besides that, magnetic susceptibility can be group by paramagnetic, diamagnetic and ferromagnetic. Paramagnetic substance is those attracted by strong magnetic field but those repelled by magnetic field are diamagnetic substances.

Besides that, we can also confirm the shape by using magnetic susceptibility. The Cobalt ion to form Chloropentaamminecobalt(III) chloride has 6 electron in d orbital.

Magnetic Susceptibility for chloropentaamminecobalt(III) chloride is -9.9338 X 10-8 and it is diamagnetic. Only the low-spin octahedral shape shows diamagnetic properties, so the shape of chloropentaamminecobalt(III) chloride is octahedral.

 

Magnetic Susceptibility for tris(acetylacetonato)manganese(III) is 2.65 X 10-5 and it is paramagnetic. So the shape of tris(acetylacetonato)manganese(III) is octahedral. However we cannot determine whether is low-spin or high-spin in this situation because we are not calculating the pairing energy for the complex.

In addition, there is only one electron in d orbital for vanadium ion of bis(acetylacetonato)oxovanadium(IV). Magnetic susceptibility for it is 4.17 X 10-6 and it is paramagnetic.

Moreover, oxovanadium complexes act as insulin mimetics, nucleolytic and anticancer.

To recognize insulin- mimetic complexes, a simple and fast in-vitro assay is developed. Besides that, an accurate assessment of the cells taken up of glucose, in-vitro assay with Ehrlich can be used. The oxovanadium complexes can cleave DNA without the present of hydrogen peroxide. Then, its nucleolytic efficiency is also greater but it is affected by the choice of buffer and pH. The oxovanadium complexes is also an anticancer agent against human ovarian cancer.

Actually, I have acquired a lot of new knowledge among these three experiments. First, experiment one and two are easier to carry out compared to experiment three. This is because experiment one and two involved oxidation which Mn2+ was oxidized to Mn3+ ; Co2+ was oxidized to Co3+. Whereas experiment 3 involved reduction which reduced VO5+ to VO4+. At the beginning of each experiments, we heated up the sample in open air. It is easier to oxidize the compound than reduce the compound in the presence of oxygen. So, we need more time to heated the V2O5.

During the first time of experiment three, I failed to get a blue color solid powder. This is because I heated the sample in the open air and I failed to control the heater. So, after the filtration process, I got a white solid powder. Therefore, I learnt from the mistake and during the second time I used reflux method. This time I can control the heating process well. The ethanol was not evaporated much. After filtration, I got quite a lot of blue solid powder. So, I knew that, for reduction process, we cannot heat the sample too quickly and heat too long. If we heated too long, most of the product will evaporate.

Next, from the FTIR spectrum, I can observe that the spectrum from the first and third experiment are quite similar. This is because, the peak from the spectrum are mostly from the acetylacetonato (acac). However, spectrum from experiment two is quite different from other experiment because mostly the peaks come from Cl compared to other experiments.

The percentage yield of the complexes from all the three experiment that I have calculate out was not so high. This is maybe due to the washing of the product with acetone, some of the product was dissolved and washed away. However, there are other factors which cause problem to our results. First, most of the heating plate we used cannot function well. I changed many heating plate during the experiment. Next, we have kept our half way done sample for more than 7 days. The results may not be so accurate anymore. Another factor maybe due to the volume and amount of the sample and other material we measure are not accurate. Our product may contain some impurities.

However, some of the precaution was taken during the experiment. In these experiments, some of the chemical was corrosive and poisonous such as concentrated HCl and H2SO4. So, we poured the chemical carefully in the fume board. Next, before using any instrument, we read through the manual to understand the steps to function the magnetic susceptibility balance. We also taken down some important steps to function the FTIR spectrophotometer. I have asked some help from lab assistant on where to get the material for experiment.

Conclusion

The percentage yield for tris(acetylacetonato)manganese(III) is 40.67%, chloropentaamminecobalt(III) chloride is 58.98% and (acetylacetonato)oxovanadium(IV) is 64.12%.

For tris(acetylacetonato)manganese(III), the peak for two Mn-O bond are at the region approximately 678.1 cm-1 and 458.3 cm-1. For chloropentaamminecobalt(III) chloride, the peak for Co-N bond is at 669.2 cm-1 while Co-Cl bond is at 486.2 cm-1. For bis(acetylacetonato)oxovanadium(IV), the peak for V=O bond is at 997.4 cm-1 region.

Magnetic Susceptibility for tris(acetylacetonato)manganese(III) is 2.65 x 10-5 and it is paramagnetic. Besides, Magnetic Susceptibility for chloropentaamminecobalt(III) chloride is -9.93x 10-8 and is diamagnetic. For bis(acetylacetonato)oxovanadium(IV), magnetic susceptibility for impure complex and pure complex are 4.17X 10-6 and 5.53X 10-6 respectively. They are paramagnetic.

Tags: 1500 Words Assessment Task, Ace Homework Tutors, Assignment Homework Help & Answers, Create a 2-4 page resource