of studyIsolation characterization and identification of Essay

of study

“Isolation, characterization and identification of microbial endophytes from fruits of Manilkara zapota (sapodilla fruit)”

Introduction

Manilkara zapota, commonly known as sapodilla or chikoo, is a long-lived, evergreen tree native to southern Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean. It is largely grown in south east asia and mexico. Sapodilla fruit is highly nutritious fruit and is one of the staple fruit used in India.

Which Citation Styles Can You Handle?

We get a lot of “Can you do MLA or APA?”—and yes, we can! Our writers ace every style—APA, MLA, Turabian, you name it. Tell us your preference, and we’ll format it flawlessly.

An endophyte is an embded symbiont, often a bacterium or fungus that lives within a plant for at least part of its life cycle without causing any disease.

Endophytes have been found in most species of plants studied to date; however, in most cases relationships are not well explained. Some endophytes enhance host growth, nutrient accumulation and help the to tolerate abiotic stresses, such as drought, and decrease biotic stresses. Here in this study we are going to focus on sapodilla fruit endophytes, study of various literatures on the web and books suggest that no such study has been done so far on sapodilla fruit.

So here I will try to find out the endophytic microbes diversity in the sapodilla fruit and their probable significance.

Materials and methods

A. Collection of the sample:

Fresh undamaged and healthy fruits will be collected in sterilized plastic bags from different places at different maturity stages.

Are Writing Services Legal?

Totally! They’re a legit resource for sample papers to guide your work. Use them to learn structure, boost skills, and ace your grades—ethical and within the rules.

B. Isolation of endophytic bacteria from sapodilla fruit

i. Surface sterilization

Surface of fresh fruit collected will be washed with distilled water than wiped with 70% ethanol followed by wahing with 0.1% mercuric chloride solution.

ii. Isolation of endophytic Bacteria

The samples of fruits will be cut into small pieces and macerated separately in phosphate buffer of pH 7.2 with a sterile pestle and mortar. Tissue extract will be then prepared for tenfold dilution in sterile saline. Serial dilutions (10-5, 10-6, and 10-7) will be prepared from this extract. For inoculations 0.1ml of the aliquot will be used on Nutrient Agar medium and PDA medium. The inoculations will be done in triplicates. These plates will be incubated at 370

What’s the Price for a Paper?

Starts at $10/page for undergrad, up to $21 for pro-level. Deadlines (3 hours to 14 days) and add-ons like VIP support adjust the cost. Discounts kick in at $500+—save more with big orders!

C. Observations were taken after 48 to 72 hrs. Bacterial colonies were differentiated on the basis of morphological colony characters. Bacterial isolates were picked from plates and purified by streaking techniques and incubated at 370C. The isolation process repeated till monocultures were obtained for further experimentations.

D. Characterization of isolates: microscopic morphological study will be performed with proper gram staining; various biochemical tests will be performed for identification of genera.

E. 16s rDNA sequencing for species identification: 16S rRNA gene sequencing will be used for identi?cation and taxonomic classi?cation of bacterial species. Comparison of the bacterial 16S rRNA sequence has been considered as a valuable genetic technique. 16S rRNA gene has hyper variable regions provide species-specific signature sequences useful for bacterial identification. It is also capable of reclassifying bacteria into completely new species, or even genera. The sequencing techniques can be used to describe new species that have never been successfully cultured in laboratories. For performing 16s rDNA sequencing following steps is required.

i. Extraction of DNA:

The extraction methods to efficiently purify DNA from various sources have to be adapted depending on factors such as sample size, the freshness of the sample, and the biochemical content of the cells from which DNA is being extracted.

Is My Privacy Protected?

100%! We encrypt everything—your details stay secret. Papers are custom, original, and yours alone, so no one will ever know you used us.

ii. Polymerase Chain Reaction

PCR should be performed to amplify particular DNA sequence with suitable universal marker for 16s DNA to gain enough quantity of DNA for sequencing.

iii. Agarose Gel Electrophoresis

Electrophoresis will be performed to separate the specific amplified segment of DNA.

iv. Elution of DNA

Extraction of specific bands of DNA from agarose gels in which they are separated through electrophoresis. Highly purified DNA can be stored in Tris-EDTA buffer for further sequence analysis.

v. Sequencing of purified DNA and phylogenetic tree construction by obtained sequence data using bioinformatics tool for confirming species identity.

Is AI Involved in Writing?

Nope—all human, all the time. Our writers are pros with real degrees, crafting unique papers with expertise AI can’t replicate, checked for originality.

Possible outcomes and significance of study:

To obtain noble microbial isolates from sapodilla fruit and their molecular identification to explore possible presence of some unknown microbial species.

To study endophytic microbial diversity in sapodilla fruit.

If identified strains are previously known than to establish that whether they are beneficial or harmful strains for plant as well as for consumer.

Why Are You the Best for Research?

Our writers are degree-holding pros who tackle any topic with skill. We ensure quality with top tools and offer revisions—perfect papers, even under pressure.

Possible study for PGPR activity and Probiotic potential of isolates.

This study is significant because till now no endophytic study is done on sapodilla fruit and it will result in some new noble acknowledgement for us.

References

Morton, J. (1987). “Sapodilla”. In Julia F. Morton. Fruits of Warm Climates. Florida Flair Books, Miami, FL. pp. 393–398.

“Manilkara zapota”. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 2010-04-30.

Who Writes My Assignments?

Experts with degrees—many rocking Master’s or higher—who’ve crushed our rigorous tests in their fields and academic writing. They’re student-savvy pros, ready to nail your essay with precision, blending teamwork with you to match your vision perfectly. Whether it’s a tricky topic or a tight deadline, they’ve got the skills to make it shine.

World Wildlife Fund. eds. Mark McGinley, C.Michael Hogan & C. Cleveland. 2010. Petenes mangroves. Encyclopedia of Earth. National Council for Science and the Environment. Washington DC Archived 2011-10-15 at the Wayback Machine.

Manilkara zapota Sapotaceae (L.) van Royen, Orwa C, Mutua A, Kindt R, Jamnadass R, Simons A. 2009. Agroforestree Database:a tree reference and selection guide version 4.0 (

Harris, Kate (2009). Trees of Belize. Belize: Bay Cedar Publishing. pp. 94–95. ISBN 9780992758202.

“Ten Tropical Fruits of Potential Value for Crop Diversification in Hawaii”, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources. Retrieved on 2009/03/26

Will My Paper Be Unique?

Guaranteed—100%! We write every piece from scratch—no AI, no copying—just fresh, well-researched work with proper citations, crafted by real experts. You can grab a plagiarism report to see it’s 95%+ original, giving you total peace of mind it’s one-of-a-kind and ready to impress.

Fayek NM, Monem AR, Mossa MY, Meselhy MR, Shazly AH (2012). “Chemical and biological study of Manilkara zapota (L.) Van Royen leaves (Sapotaceae) cultivated in Egypt”. Pharmacognosy Research. 4 (2): 85–91. doi:10.4103/0974-8490.94723. PMC 3326762. PMID 22518080.

Kothari V, Seshadri S (2010). “In vitro antibacterial activity in seed extracts of Manilkara zapota, Anona squamosa, and Tamarindus indica”. Biol. Res. 43 (2): 165–8. doi:10.4067/S0716-97602010000200003. PMID 21031260.

Hardoim, Pablo R.; Van Overbeek, Leonard S.; Berg, Gabriele; Pirttil?, Anna Maria; Compant, St?phane; Campisano, Andrea; D?ring, Matthias; Sessitsch, Angela (2015). “The Hidden World within Plants: Ecological and Evolutionary Considerations for Defining Functioning of Microbial Endophytes”. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews. 79 (3): 293. doi:10.1128/MMBR.00050-14. PMC 4488371. PMID 26136581.

Suryanarayanan, Trichur S. (2013-12-01). “Endophyte research: going beyond isolation and metabolite documentation”. Fungal Ecology. 6 (6): 561–568. doi:10.1016/j.funeco.2013.09.007.

Can You Use Any Citation Format?

Yep—APA, Chicago, Harvard, MLA, Turabian, you name it! Our writers customize every detail to fit your assignment’s needs, ensuring it meets academic standards down to the last footnote or bibliography entry. They’re pros at making your paper look sharp and compliant, no matter the style guide.

Hardoim, Pablo R.; van Overbeek, Leo S.; Elsas, Jan Dirk van (2008-01-10). “Properties of bacterial endophytes and their proposed role in plant growth”. Trends in Microbiology. 16 (10): 463–471. doi:10.1016/j.tim.2008.07.008. ISSN 0966-842X. PMID 18789693.

Bacon, Charles W.; Hinton, Dorothy M. (2014-01-01). Verma, Vijay C.; Gange, Alan C., eds. Microbial Endophytes: Future Challenges. Springer India. pp. 441–451. doi:10.1007/978-81-322-1575-2_22. ISBN 978-81-322-1574-5.