Posted: July 4th, 2024

Nutrition 100 Final Name _______Kimberly Hargrave__________________________

Nutrition 100 FinalName _______Kimberly Hargrave__________________________Instructions: Please read each question carefully and circle the best answer for each question. Each questiononly has 1 correct answer.1.Which nutrient contains the most calories per gram?A.B.C.D.2.Carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids are consideredA.B.C.D.3.D.a change that reflects the participants’ expectations is observedthe subject knows that he/she is receiving two treatments during the experimentneither the subjects nor the investigators know which study group is receiving theplacebothe placebo has two possible effects on the study groupA chemical whose absence from the diet for a long time results in specific changes in health isA.B.C.D.8.placeboclinical trialcase controlepidemiologicalA research study is said to be double-blind ifA.B.C.7.calciumVitamin B6Vitamin CVitamin DWhich type of research study compares disease rates among population groups, and attempts to identifyrelated conditions or behaviors?A.B.C.D.6.84168189220Which is a fat-soluble vitamin?A.B.C.D.5.micronutrientsmacronutrientsantioxidantsfree radicalsHow many kilocalories are in 21 grams of fat?A.B.C.D.4.vitaminslipidscarbohydratesproteina nutrientwateran enzymean antioxidantEssential nutrientsA.B.C.D.are made by the bodycan only be supplied adequately with dietary supplementsmust be obtained through dietconsist of over 75 different types of nutrientsPage 2Nutrition 100 FinalName _______Kimberly Hargrave__________________________9.How many kilocalories are in a meal that contains 20 grams of fat, 15 grams of protein, and 80 grams ofcarbohydrate?A.B.C.D.54556059590010. Exchange Lists were originally developed to help people withA.B.C.D.high blood pressureobesitydiabetesanorexia11. The _____ are the maximum levels of daily nutrient intakes that are unlikely to pose health risks to almost allindividuals in the group for whom they are designed.A.B.C.D.Tolerable Upper Intake Level(s)The Recommended Daily AllowanceAdequate IntakeEstimated Average Requirements12. What components of a food label can help consumers compare the amounts of nutrients in a food to theamount of that nutrient that is recommended for consumption each day?A.B.C.D.Upper Tolerable LimitsIngredient ListDaily ValuesRecommended Dietary Allowance13. Which nutrient is not required to be posted on the Nutrition Facts panel?A.B.C.D.carbohydratesfatswatervitamins14. What best describes a short-lived, highly reactive chemical that can have detrimental effects on cells?A.B.C.D.free radicalfunctional fooddirect additiveindirect additive15. Compounds that help plants resist the attacks of bacteria and fungi, the ravages of free radicals, and increasedlevels of ultraviolet light from the sun areA.B.C.D.free radicalsphytochemicalsindirect additivesalternative medicine16. The __________________ states that food additives cannot be approved if they cause cancer in humans oranimals.A.B.C.D.Federal Commissions ActFood and Drugs ClauseDelaney ClausePrior Sanctioned Substance Act17. The breaking apart of foods into smaller and smaller units is calledPage 3Nutrition 100 FinalName _______Kimberly Hargrave__________________________A.B.C.D.digestionabsorptionmetabolismmolecular function18. The passage of nutrients and other substances into the walls of the gastrointestinal tract, and then into thebloodstream is calledA.B.C.D.digestionabsorptionmetabolismmolecular function19. Which of the following is not a function of the GI tract?A.B.C.D.transport of ingested foodsecretion of digestive enzymesmovement of undigested materialexchange of oxygen within the blood vessels20. The primary function of the _______________ is to store and concentrate bile from the liver.A.B.C.D.kidneyssmall intestinegallbladderpancreas21. __________________ kills many disease-causing bacteria that may have been ingested.A.B.C.D.pepsinbilegastrinhydrochloric acid22. Which of the following is not one of the three parts of the small intestine?A.B.C.D.duodenumcecumjejunumileum23. Which of the following is not a monosaccharide?A.B.C.D.glucosefructosegalactosesucrose24. Virtually the only fuel used by they brain, except during prolonged starvation, when these supplies are toolow isA.B.C.D.glucosefructosegalactosesucrose25. The primary sugar in milk and dairy products isA.B.C.lactosefructosesucrosePage 4Nutrition 100 FinalName _______Kimberly Hargrave__________________________D.maltose26. Two glucose molecules joined together formA.B.C.D.maltosedextroselactosesucrose27. Which vitamin plays a primary role in vision and the development of body cells?A.B.C.D.vitamin Avitamin B6vitamin Cvitamin D28. Which of the following diseases is associated with a vitamin D deficiency?A.B.C.D.scurvyberiberiricketspellagra29. Which vitamin is primarily responsible for blood clotting?A.B.C.D.vitamin Avitamin Cvitamin Evitamin K30. Newborns are susceptible to ____ deficiency because they have a lack of intestinal bacteria, and therefore,are given an injection of this vitamin at birth.A.B.C.D.vitamin Kvitamin Dvitamin Avitamin E31. A common deficiency associated with thiamin isA.B.C.D.scurvyberiberiricketspellagra32. Which vitamin is a component of acetyl-CoA?A.B.C.D.thiaminvitamin Cfolatepantothenic acid33. Which is not considered a lipid?A.B.C.D.sterolsphospholipidstriglyceridesmonosaccharides34. Trans fatty acids are associated withA.increased blood cholesterol levelsPage 5Nutrition 100 FinalName _______Kimberly Hargrave__________________________B.C.D.decreased blood cholesterol levelsincreased blood carbon levelsdecreased blood carbon levels35. Which of the following enzymes are involved in lipid digestion?A.B.C.D.pancreatic lipase, glycerol, fatty acids, lingual lipase, gastric lipase, and pancreaticlipaselingual lipase, pancreatic lipase, and glycerolgastric lipase, pancreatic lipase, and fatty acidslingual lipase, gastric lipase, and pancreatic lipase36. Elevated levels of ____ in the blood increase the risk of artery and heart diseases.A.B.C.D.low density lipoproteins- LDLintermediate density lipoproteins- IDLvery –low density lipoproteins- VLDLhigh density lipoproteins- HDL37. Which is not a risk factor for heart disease?A.B.C.D.high blood pressurehigh blood cholesterolsmokinghigh fiber intake38. Just as glucose is the basic building block of carbohydrate, ___ are the basic building blocks of protein.A.B.C.D.lipidsamino acidsenzymescollagen39. Proteins that speed up chemical reactions without being used up or destroyed in the process are calledA.B.C.D.amino acidsenzymesoxidative cellsantibodies40. Individuals with _______________ disease cannot properly digest gluten found in wheat, rye, and oats.A.B.C.D.kwashiorkorceliacmarasmuscolic41. Excess dietary protein can causeA.B.C.D.loss of vitamin Ckwashiorkorloss of calciummarasmus42. Obesity is a risk factor for which of the following chronic diseases?A.B.C.D.heart diseasediabetescancerall of the above43. Which of the following is not a function of water?Page 6Nutrition 100 FinalName _______Kimberly Hargrave__________________________A.B.C.D.carries food through the digestive systemtransports nutrients to cells and tissuesserves as a shock absorber and cleaning agentprovides caloric energy in the body44. The most sodium in a typical American diet comes fromA.B.C.D.table saltsauces and condimentsprocessed foodssmoked meat and cheeses45. Over 99% of calcium in the body is found within theA.B.C.D.liver and spleenmuscles and skinbones and teethstomach and small intestine46. Which mineral is responsible for making muscles contract or relax?A.B.C.D.boronmagnesiumsodiumcalcium47. Which mineral participates with over 300 types of enzyme-driven reactions, including those in DNA andprotein synthesis, blood clotting, muscle contraction, and ATP production?A.B.C.D.calciumboronmagnesiumsodium48. Which mineral is known for transporting oxygen in blood?A.B.C.D.ironzinccoppercalcium49. Which of the following energy systems is aerobic?A.B.C.D.ATP-CPlactic acid energy systemoxygen energy systemboth ATP-CP and oxygen system50. The oxygen-energy system can extract energy from which of the following source(s)?A.B.C.D.fatproteinglucoseboth fat and glucose51. Which type of muscle fibers can maintain low-intensity muscular activities for prolonged periods of time?A.B.C.D.fast twitchmedium twitchslow twitchanaerobic twitchPage 7Nutrition 100 FinalName _______Kimberly Hargrave__________________________52. Pre-exercise meals should consist primarily ofA.B.C.D.carbohydratefatproteinvitamins53. A natural stimulant that is thought to affect athletic performance through facilitating signals between thenervous system and the muscles as well as decreasing an athlete’s perceived effort during exercise isA.B.C.D.ATPcaffeinechromiumginseng54. Which supplement has been used to promote weight loss, and to improve athletic performance?A.B.C.D.pyruvatecreatinecarnitinechromium55. During a marathon, approximately 98% of your muscles’ needs are met by theA.B.C.D.ATP-CP energy systemoxygen-energy systemlactic acid energy systemmitochondria energy system56. Which vitamin is crucial for reducing the possibility of spina bifida and other neural tube defects duringpregnancy?A.B.C.D.biotinfolic acidniacinriboflavin57. High levels of vitamin _______________may be teratogenic, causing birth defects.A.B.C.D.AB12CD58. For women of normal weight, the recommended weight gain during pregnancy isA.B.C.D.35–40 pounds30–35 pounds25–35 pounds15–30 pounds59. What is the thick, yellow fluid secreted by the breast during pregnancy and in the first days after delivery thatprovides immune support to the baby?A.B.C.D.let-down reflextransitional milkcolostrumprolactin60. By the first birthday, an infant typically __________ his or her birth weight.Page 8Nutrition 100 FinalName _______Kimberly Hargrave__________________________A.B.C.D.doublestriplesquadruplesmaintains61. A typical infant requires about _________ kilocalories per kilogram of body weight.A.B.C.D.5010020025062. Which deficiency will most likely impair a child’s growth, mood, attention span, focus, and ability to learn?A.B.C.D.ironsodiumvitamin Cvitamin A63. Which vitamin deficiency can possibly lead to permanent blindness?A.B.C.D.vitamin Avitamin B6vitamin Cvitamin D64. Infants and toddlers younger than 2 years of age need _________ in their diets for growth, organ protection,and central nervous system development.A.B.C.D.carbohydratefatproteinvitamins65. Which factor is not involved in the development of obesity in childhood?A.B.C.D.geneticsbehaviorageactivity level66. At least 20 to 30 minutes of sunlight exposure 3 times per week should provide enough vitamin _____.A.B.C.D.ACDK67. Energy needs, in total kilocalories per day, are greater during _____________ than any other time of life.A.B.C.D.adulthoodadolescencechildhoodinfancy68. Maintaining adequate calcium intake reduces the rate ofA.B.C.D.vitamin A synthesisage-related bone lossage-related vision losshypervitaminosisPage 9Nutrition 100 FinalName _______Kimberly Hargrave__________________________69. Approximately ______________ people die in the United States each year from foodborne illnesses.A.B.C.D.5005,00050,000500,00070. Which is not considered a common food allergen?A.B.C.D.milkpeanutsoychicken71. Which is added to foods to prevent spoilage and increase shelf life?A.B.C.D.pasteurizationpreservativeirradiationmicroorganism72. True or false? Vitamin D is needed for calcium absorption, and should be considered for the prevention ofosteoporosis.73. True or false? Blood calcium levels must be kept constant at all costs, even at the expense of bone strength.74. True or false? The gallbladder releases the hormones insulin and glucagon into the upper part of the smallintestine.75. True or false? Intrinsic factor is a substance necessary for the absorption of vitamin B 12.76. True or false? The majority of digestion occurs in the large intestine.77. True or false? Malnutrition increases the probability of infection, and infection makes the body expend moreenergy and nutrients.78. True or false? Macronutrients supply energy to power muscle contractions and cellular functions.79. True or false? High HDL levels indicate a healthier cholesterol value than a high LDL level.80. True or false? A process called hydrogenation creates most trans fatty acids.81. True or false? People with higher amounts of lean body mass typically have a higher resting metabolic rate.82. True or false? With weight loss, the number of fat cells declines.83. True or false? Excess abdominal/visceral fat may increase the risk for certain diseases.84. True or false? Obesity is defined as a BMI equal to or greater than 30, or a body weight that exceeds 20%above a recommended weight range in a height-weight table.85. True or false? Developing a lifestyle for successful weight management during early adulthood typicallyleads to healthier behavior patterns throughout life.86. True or false? A healthy liver can store up to a year’s supply of vitamin A.87. True or false? Some obese children already deal with the cardiovascular consequences of obesity, such aslipid abnormalities and hypertension.88. True or false? The FDA must approve a new food additive before it can be put on the market.89. True or false? Phytochemicals help neutralize free radicals.Page 10Nutrition 100 FinalName _______Kimberly Hargrave__________________________90. True or false? Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes, and occurs when the cells do notproduce enough insulin or cells ignore the insulin.91. True or false? Both glucagon and insulin are hormones produced by the pancreas.92. True or false? When the diet lacks protein, the body breaks down tissue such as muscle, and uses it as aprotein source.93. True or false? Protein hormones such as insulin play a key role in regulating the amount of glucose in theblood.94. True or false? Excess protein consumption may cause dehydration and strain kidney function.95. True or false? The FDA and EPA recommend that pregnant women, lactating women, and young childrenshould avoid eating swordfish, king mackerel, or tilefish because they contain high levels of mercury.96. True or false? To ensure adequate milk production and to avoid nutrient deficiencies, a nursing mother shouldconsume at least 1,800 kilocalories per day.97. True or false? A benefit of breast-feeding to the mother is increased uterine contractions, which help theuterus return to its normal size.Answer the following short essay question with the information that you have learned from class and yourtextbook. The question MUST be answered in your own words and not plagiarized.98-100 What are phytochemicals, and how do they benefit plants and humans? What roledo they play in our diet? Give 1 specific example of a phytonutrient and where it can befound?

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