Posted: December 16th, 2021

Just bold the right answer

Question description

STUDY QUESTIONS:
1. When
the Muslim Ottomans and Christian Venetians realized that their arch-enemies,
the Spanish and Portuguese, had ‘outflanked’ them by reaching Asia and the
Americas directly--rather than via the Mediterranean, they...
a.
accepted the inevitable and re-oriented their economy towards agriculture and
industry
b.
formed a naval alliance with Ming China to seal off the ocean to direct trade
from Europe
c.
cooperated to build a fleet, but were decisively defeated in a naval battle
near the coast of India
d.
cooperated to grossly lower their own prices to put the Atlantic powers out of
business
2.
Venetian and Ottoman warships were usually defeated by the ships of the
Atlantic powers because
a. The
Atlantic sailships had much more firepower and much longer cruising range
b. the
Muslim Ottomans categorically refused to embrace the use of guns and cannons
c. The
Muslims had inferior geographical knowledge and had poor maritime charts or
navigation skills
d. the
Atlantic sailships had higher speed and superior acceleration compared to
Ottoman and Venetian galleys
3. Why
didn’t the Ottoman Turks or Venetians simply copy the Atlantic-style sailship
design?
a. the
Koran strictly forbade that any foreign inventions be adopted by Muslims
b. they
lacked the artisans and craftsmen to build such complicated vessels
c. they
lacked the timber for such heavy ships, or the fuel to cast so many cannon
d. they
squandered their resources on Tabouleh
4.
Which of these is NOT a reason why the Ottomans, the Indians, or the Chinese
did not strongly resist the Western take-over of the oceans?
a. all
three have dangerous, exposed land borders and are therefore more oriented to
terrestrial warfare
b. all
three had relgious or philosophical systems that strongly discouraged trade
c. all
three were very wealthy and mostly self-sufficient, so trade did not seem
crucial
d. all
three were massive, ponderous, bureaucratic empires which did not favor
entrepreneurship
5. How is
the story of Henry VIII’s marital problems relevant to history?
a. it
demonstrates the negative impact of obesity on fertility and traditional sexual
politics
b. it
helps explain the rivalry between Spain and England, and the breakdown of
medieval religion
c. it
provides an example of the economic changes caused by the discovery of the
Americas
d.
because it was he who decided to send the first settlers to colonize Virginia
6.
Which of these is NOT a macro-level consequence of the discovery of the Americas?
a. it
pumped a HUGE volume of gold and silver into the world economy,
‘turbo-charging’ development
b. it
ultimately made the Middle East irrelevant, Europeans now bought Asian goods
directly
c. it
made almost the entire globe one economic, biological WHOLE, for the first time
(since Pangea--200 million yrs earlier)
d. it
allowed Europe to balance and sustain trade with India and China
e. new
wealth brought stability and equality to Europe
7.
Which of these is NOT a reason why Europe had an advantage in building powerful
navies?
a. good
location, long coastlines: islands and peninsulas: Spain, Italy, Holland,
Britain
b.
large forests of big, strong, water-resistant hardwoods such as oak
c.
abundant wood fuel for melting metals to make artillery
d.
abundant rivers and watermills powering trip hammers and bellows for
weapons-making
e.
Justin Bieber’s ancestors’ singing terrorized Chinese and Islamic rivals
8.
Which of these conditions in late medieval Europe DID NOT favor the rise of
‘proto-capitalism’?
a.
political fragmentation, and therefore a lack of huge empire to enforce
monopolies
b. the
breakdown of religion and church and ideas inhibiting or criticizing business
or money
c.
political alliance between kings and merchants against the peasants and knights
d.
absorption/development of Middle Eastern/Asian business and math concepts
(agebra, Indian numerals, etc)
e. the
traditional practices of communal village life and mutual obligations and
duties  of Lords and Vassals
9.
Which of these is NOT a reason why Spain--which for a moment, thanks to its
enormous conquests and capture of gold and silver--seemed on the brink of
taking over the world, soon when into an irreversible decline?
a.
Spain got involved in an expensive endless war with the Turks
b. Spain
got involved in an 80-year ‘Vietnam War’ in Holland
c.
Spain got involved in war against England
d.
Spain borrowed too much and stopped producing things
e.
Spain broke down with a religious war
f.
Spain kicked out Muslims and Jews, losing their talents
10.
Even though the Spanish did not take over North America (apart
from small outposts in New Mexico and Florida), they still made a deep impact
on the lives of natives of what is today the USA because...
a. huge
numbers of refugee Aztecs fleeing Cortez invaded the Southwest
b.
horses, pigs, and diseases brought by the Spanish escaped into America and
changed the natural balance
c. fear
of Spanish attack caused North American tribes to begin organizing alliances
d. the
knowledge of iron eventually ‘diffused’ into Native American areas, distorting
traditional culture
11.
Although tons of gold and silver, and enormous diamonds, pearls, and gems are
probably the most spectacular examples of how the Europeans got rich in the
Americas, which of these also made them huge profits?
a. the
exotic, warm weather  cotton that the Europeans used to have to buy
at high prices from the Middle East and India, which they could now grow
directly themselves
b. tobacco,
an addictive stimulant, whose smoke the natives of the Carribean were seen
‘drinking’ and which soon became a huge success in Europe
c. Sugar
(from the Arabic ‘Zakar’--as in sacharrin) cane, another exotic Asian
warm-weather plant to which the Europeans had first been introduced to during
the Crusades, could now be grown directly by them
d. Furs,
warm, luxurious, and becoming rarer and rarer in cold Europe
e.
 all of these were very profitable

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