Differences between IPV4 and IPV6

Award Title: Computer System Engineering

ABSTRACT

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Every other day we realise that there are continuously new technologies advancing in our everyday premise, these new technologies are created for the fundamental reasons of either staying knowledgeable different technologies nothingness or for the principle motivation behind having more technologies later on.

Being able to understand the difference between IPV4 and IPV6 by the end of the project is my aim. Also increasing my knowledge of IPV4 and IPV6 is another aim of mine. I would like to understand the way in which an IP address works in a virtual network.

To see whether there are any differences between the two IP versions I shall carry out tests in terms of performance issues in a local area network.

I will do testing against both protocols to check whether there are any significant contracts in regard to the execution towards Wide area network and if there is more time I will attempt and run few test against the Internet to see how IPv4 and IPv6 can communicate with other online servers. (Jemal  Ali 2016)

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CONTENTS TABLE                                                                                   Page No 

SECTION 1 PROJECT REPORT DETAILS

1.1.  Introduction ———————————————————————————————-7

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1.2.  Aims and objects —————————————————————————————-8

SECTION 2 MAIN SECTION OF THE REPORT

2.1.   Literature review—————————————————————————————-9

2.2.   IP Address ———————————————————————————————10

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2.3.   How an IP address work —————————————————————————–10

2.4.   Type of IP address ————————————————————————————11

2.5.   IPv6   —————————————————————————————————12

2.6.   IPv6 header ——————————————————————————————–13

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2.7.   How IPv6 looks —————————————————————————————15

2.8.   IPv6 Classification ———————————————————————————–16

2.9.   Advantages of IPv6 ———————————————————————————-17

2.10.  Disadvantages of IPv6 ——————————————————————————17

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2.11.  IPv4 —————————————————————————————————18

2.12.  A Classification IPv4 ——————————————————————————-18

2.13.   Advantages of IPv4 ——————————————————————————–19

2.14.   Disadvantages of Ipv4 —————————————————————————–19

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1.15.   Difference between IPv4 and IPv6—————————————————————20

2.16.   Difference between IPv4 header and IPv6 header ———————————————23

2.17.  Run out of IPv4 Address —————————————————————————24

2.18.  How does IPv6 solve this problem —————————————————————24

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2.19.  How do IPv4 and IPv6 communicate ————————————————————25

2.20.  Will IPv4 still work———————————————————————————-26

2.21. what are the needs to use IPv6———————————————————————-26

2.22.  Transition of IPv4 to IPv6————————————————————————–27

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2.23.   IPv6 migration challenges————————————————————————-29

2.24.  Company should care when moving from IPv4 to IPv6—————————————-30

2.23.  Issues when moving from IPV4 to IPV6 ———————————————————31

Section 3 designing

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3.1. Riverbed ————————————————————————————————-32

3.2. How to create project ———————————————————————————-33

3.3.  Methods ————————————————————————————————33

3.4.  Object palette ——————————————————————————————34

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3.5.  Network Components ——————————————————————————–35

3.6. wide area network————————————————————————————–36

3.6. Subnet_Branch_England——————————————————————————37

3.7. Subnet_Branch_France ——————————————————————————-37

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3.8. Subnet_Branch_Italy———————————————————————————-38

3.8. Choosing appropriation statistics ——————————————————————–49

3.10. Global statistics—————————————————————————————40

3.11. Node Statistics—————————————————————————————-40

3.12.  Link Statistics—————————————————————————————-41

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3.13. How to Assign to IPv6 ——————————————————————————42

3.13. How to Assign to IPv4——————————————————————————-42

Section 4 Running a simulation and view results

4.1. How to run simulation ——————————————————————————–43

4.2. Results/Analyses ———————————————————————————–45-54

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Section 5   Planning time and Conclusion

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5.2. Conclusion ———————————————————————————————-56

5.3. References ———————————————————————————————-58

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SECTION 1

INTRODUCTION

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An IP address is a network that helps two or more computers to communicate each other over a network.  Nowadays there are only two version of an IP address, which are IPV4 and IPV6. These two protocols have better features and larger address spaces.

Ipv6 was published by the Interment Engineering Tasks Force (IETF) and it stands for internet protocol version 6. Ipv6 is a network protocol that enables to send and receive any data or information routeing in a packet form between two nodes in a network. This project will explain the further functionality of IPv6 protocol and will compare to the current version IPv4.

While researching, I discovered that IPv4 only utilizes 32 bits of addressing to various devices to connected to network. IPv4 can bolster around 4.29 billion distinctive IP addresses which may appear a considerable measure yet a great deal of these IP addresses has been assigned by various associations. This is the place IPv6 comes in as it aides uses 128-piece web addresses which are accordingly can bolster a much bigger IP addresses. This is the reason the utilisation of hexadecimal system is required to permit the utilisation of IPv6 where then again IPv4 just uses binary. (Jemal , 2016)

Testing the performance difference between IPV4 and IPV6 is the aim of my project. To show this I shall use graphs to put for my arguments for which IP version is better.

Once the literature sections have been studied the next step is to develop skills to build a network model within the riverbed software, this will be done by getting familiarised with the software and tools within it.

Testing is a significant part of the project. Testing will be ongoing, with the final model being completely tested utilising an appropriate testing strategy. Once testing has been assessed a report will be written expressing the difference in public presentation, security issues and suggestions an organisation may look when utilising the IPv6 convention. Entire parts of the project will be completely assessed with accentuation on what has been determined from the procedure.

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AIM AND OBJECTIVES

Being able to understand the difference between IPV4 and IPV6 by the end of the project is my aim. Also increasing my knowledge of IPV4 and IPV6 is another aim of mine. I would like to understand the way in which an IP address works in a virtual network.

The following are the main objectives I will be focusing on throughout my project:   

1. To research IPv4 and IPv6
2. Compare the differences between IPv4 and IPv6 in terms of performance
3. To design IPv4 and IPv6 network in Riverbed muddler.

Section 2

Literature review

In this section I am going to research in detail and find out what an IP address is and what are the difference between IPv6 and IPv4 in terms of the performance. Also, talk about the compression between both protocols and answer my academic question. By doing this it will help me to make new learning and comprehension of the progressing examination of my project.

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The item which I shall focus on the most is the literature review. This is because it will help me to bring in knowledge of my project and offer an overview of some of the issues in my field which will discover if there are any comparisons between IPv4 and IPv6 protocol, this will help to justify my research questions and help me to understand what I should be looking for when undertaking the requirements of this project.

WHAT IS AN IP ADDRESS?

To be able to communicate computers and other digital devices between each other, we must use an IP address. IP stands for Internet Protocol. IP address allows any type of files to travel across the network, it is basically done by assigning automatically the IP address to any type of devices that are linked to a network. therefore, each device that are connected then can exchange an information each other. By giving a device an Ip address data can travel and go to the correct device.

HOW AN IP ADDRESS WORK?

The process wherein we connect devices over a network, the internet is used to send messages. This is done by sending packets as these are the message broken down into a smaller form. For each destination, there is a specific route, the route is determined by the header of the packet which is more commonly known as the IP address.

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There are three main types of IP address

In the beginning of the internet, the INAN (Internet Assigned Number Authority) characterised Five classes of public IP address. However, there are only three main Address classes.

Class A addresses are utilised for massive networks which contain a big amount  of hosts. The high-order bit in a Class A address is always set to zero, which makes the address prefix for all Class A network and addresses Example, 0.0.0.0 to 127.255.255.255. Each Class A network can hold as many as 16,777,216 hosts.

Class B address are utilised for a medium sized network. Each Class B network can hold as many as 65, 534 hosts.

Class C address are utilised for small networks. Each class C network can only hold up to 254 hosts. (Asimnawa54, 2015)

WHAT IS IPv6?

Internet protocol Version 6(IPv6) is a new an IP Address version protocol that allows devices to enable data communication with carrying a packet switched over network. Packet switched contains a sending and receiving of data over a network between two devices. IPv6 (Internet Protocol Version 6) is a new version Internet address protocol that has been created to support IPv4 with a huge free space address size. According to (Silva, 2014) “The working standard for the IPv6 protocol was published in 1998 by the Engineering Task Force (IETF)”.

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As it has been known that IPv4 will be replaced later on with a new IPv6(Internet Protocol Version 6) due to the main reason that IPv6 has a wider range of address space which has 128-bit address size or 34 billion IP address. however, IPv4 uses only 32-bit which is allowing only four billion IP address.

The packet header is another difference. In IPv4 the length of the headers is between 20 to 60 bytes. However, IPv6 has 8 fields and fixed 40 bytes. And ipv6 has many extensions to add to the traffic Extension headers do not deliver a specified order and take a next header field that moves like a mountain range inside the header to join all the extension headersExtension headers are used to find out what protocol is next being used in the packet as well as other functions like destination and Internet Protocol Security (IPSec) options. An extension header also exists where users can specify their own functionality.  This case of extension header is mentioned to a Destination Options header

IPV6 HEADER

Figure 1

http://www.afahc.ro/ro/revista/2016_1/Enache_Alexandru_2016_1.pdf

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The table below explains the key fields of IPv6 header