Cellulitis in Older Patients – a Prospective Cohort Study

CELLULITIS IN OLDER PATIENTS – A PROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY

Older patient with cellulitis

What Citation Formats Do You Support?

We hear “Can you write in APA or MLA?” all the time—and the answer’s a big yes, plus way more! Our writers are wizards with every style—APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Turabian, you name it—delivering flawless formatting tailored to your assignment. Whether it’s a tricky in-text citation or a perfectly styled reference list, they’ve got the skills to make your paper academically spot-on.

Abstract

Aim: To examine differences in risk factors, clinical features and outcomes of cellulitis between those 75+ years and those < 75 years admitted to a metropolitan hospital.

Methods: A prospective study of patients with limb cellulitis requiring intravenous antibiotics conducted at Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, Australia from June 2014 to April 2015.

Results: Thirty one patients were 75+ years and 69 less than 75 years. A greater proportion of older patients resided in nursing home (25.8% vs 2.9% respectively, P=0.001) and mobilised with walking aid(s) (58.1% vs 11.6% respectively, P<0.001). Significantly more older patients had documented hypertension (45.2% vs 23.2% respectively P=0.035), atrial fibrillation (33.5% vs 5.8% respectively, P<0.001), dementia (22.6% vs 1.4% respectively, P=0.001) and malignancy (16.1% vs 1.4% respectively, P=0.010). The clinical presentation of cellulitis and cellulitis severity (Eron classification) did not significantly differ in both groups; however older patients were more likely to have dependent oedema (OR 4.0, CI 1.3-12.6, p=0.018) and less likely to be obese (OR 0.3, CI 0.1-0.8, p=0.012) or had a past history of cellulitis (OR 0.3, CI 0.1-1.0, P= 0.044) on presentation. Despite the age difference, there were no major differences in intravenous antibiotic choice, hospital length of stay, and hospital readmission rates in both groups. Older patients however, were more likely to experience complications such as falls and/ or decreased mobility (38.7% vs 15.9% respectively, P = 0.020) during the cellulitis episode.

Are Paper Services Legal?

Yes, completely! They’re a valid tool for getting sample papers to boost your own writing skills, and there’s nothing shady about that. Use them right—like a study guide or a model to learn from—and they’re a smart, ethical way to level up your grades without breaking any rules.

Conclusion: Older patients with cellulitis performed just as well as younger patients despite having more medical comorbidities and worse physical function.

Keywords: Cellulitis, hospitalisation, older patients, prospective study,

Introduction

How Much for a Paper?

Prices start at $10 per page for undergrad work and go up to $21 for advanced levels, depending on urgency and any extras you toss in. Deadlines range from a lightning-fast 3 hours to a chill 14 days—plenty of wiggle room there! Plus, if you’re ordering big, you’ll snag 5-10% off, making it easier on your wallet while still getting top-notch quality.

Cellulitis is a bacterial infection of the skin involving the dermis and subcutaneous fat. In Australia, cellulitis accounts for over 250,000 hospital bed days, or 10.5% of total bed days.¹ While most episodes of cellulitis can be managed as an outpatient, a significant proportion, particularly older people, require hospitalisation. Over a 12-month period from 2014-2015, the cellulitis hospitalisation rate was 1100 per 100,000 in the 80 plus age group as opposed to 237 episodes per 100,000 in the general population.¹

Cellulitis typically presents with pain, erythema, warmth and oedema. Systemic symptoms including fever and tachycardia may be presentalthough thought to be less frequent in older persons.^2-6 Known risk factors for cellulitis are venous oedema, lymphoedema, skin conditions, traumatic injury, leg ulcers, peripheral vascular disease, fungal infections, past history of cellulitis and obesity. ^7-10

Age alone does not alter treatment principles for bacterial cellulitis (including use of antibiotics); however age-related pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, cognitive status and social circumstances¹¹ may impact on treatment decisions particularly need for hospitalisation.

Once hospitalised, age is an independent risk factor for increased length of stay for cellulitis with other factors being long duration of symptoms, tachycardia, hypotension, leukocytosis, hypoalbuminaemia, elevated serum creatinine, bacteraemia, obesity and diabetes mellitus. ^12-15

Will Anyone Find Out I Used You?

Nope—your secret’s locked down tight. We encrypt all your data with top-tier security, and every paper’s crafted fresh just for you, run through originality checks to prove it’s one-of-a-kind. No one—professors, classmates, or anyone—will ever know you teamed up with us, guaranteed.

Age is significantly associated with increased mortality from cellulitis although it is unclear if this is due to illness severity or underlying comorbidity.¹⁶ Other factors associated with mortality are delayed administration of antibiotics, presence of multiple comorbidities, previous myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, liver disease, hypoalbuminemia, renal insufficiency, morbid obesity, lower limb oedema, Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, bacteraemia and septic shock.^14,17

Hospital readmission for cellulitis is also more common in older people¹⁸ particularly if there has been more than one prior episode of cellulitis^19.

Aims

In this prospective study, we aimed to examine differences in risk factors, clinical features, management, and outcomes of cellulitis between those 75 years or more and those less than 75 years admitted to a large metropolitan hospital.

Do You Rely on AI?

Not even a little—our writers are real-deal experts with degrees, crafting every paper by hand with care and know-how. No AI shortcuts here; it’s all human skill, backed by thorough research and double-checked for uniqueness. You’re getting authentic work that stands out for all the right reasons.

Methods

The study was conducted at Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, New South Wales, Australia from June 2014 to April 2015. The study was approved by the South-Western Sydney Local Health District (SWSLHD) Ethics Committee.

Between June 2014 and April 2015, potential patients were identified through review of the Bansktown Hospital inpatient list three times a week by a study investigator. We included all identified patients aged 18 years or more with a diagnosis of cellulitis of the upper and/ or lower limb(s) and excluded patients with infected ulcers on presentation, pregnant patients and those with post-operative wound infections.

The patients were then stratified into an older group (aged 75 years or more) and a younger group (74 years or less) and were followed up during their admission and for a total of 28 days post completion of intravenous antibiotics.

Why Are You Top for Research Papers?

Our writers are Ph.D.-level pros who live for nailing the details—think deep research and razor-sharp arguments. We pair that with top plagiarism tools, free revisions to tweak anything you need, and fast turnarounds that don’t skimp on quality. Your research paper won’t just shine—it’ll set the bar.

 

Data collected included basic demographics, clinical characteristics, relevant investigations, treatment provided and clinical outcomes. The severity of cellulitis was rated using the Eron classification.²⁰

Data were analysed with SPSS Version 24 and R version 3.3.1. Chi-square test was used to compare proportions. Student’s T-test was used to compare differences in means for normally distributed variables. For non-normally distributed continuous variables, non-parametric test was used to assess differences in the ranked median scores. Logistic regression was used to assess statistically significant risk factors for cellulitis in the older and younger age groups. Statistically significant results were set at an alpha level of 0.05.

Results

Who’s Behind My Essays?

You’re in good hands with degree-holding pros—many rocking Master’s or higher—who’ve crushed our tough vetting tests in writing and their fields. They’re your partners in this, hitting tight deadlines and academic standards with ease, all while tailoring every essay to your exact needs. No matter the topic, they’ve got the chops to make it stellar.

One hundred and thirteen patients were identified during the study period and 100 patients (88.5%) consented to participate. Thirty-one (31.0%) patients were aged 75 years and older and 69 (69.0%) patients were 74 years or less.

 

The mean age was 84.4±5.8 years in the older group and 53.4±14.2 years in the younger group. The older patients had lower BMI than their younger counterparts [28.3 (±8.0) vs 36.0 (±12.3) respectively, P<0.001]. A higher proportion resided in residential aged care facilities (25.8% vs 2.9% respectively, P=0.001); and mobilised with walking aid(s) (58.1% vs 11.6% respectively, P<0.001). (Table 1)

A significantly higher proportion of older patients had documented hypertension (45.2% vs 23.2% respectively P=0.035), atrial fibrillation (33.5% vs 5.8% respectively, P<0.001), dementia (22.6% vs 1.4% respectively, P=0.001) and malignancy (16.1% vs 1.4% respectively, P=0.010). (Table 1)

Is My Paper Original?

100%—we promise! Every paper’s written fresh from scratch—no AI, no copying—just solid research and proper citations from our expert writers. You can even request a plagiarism report to see it’s 95%+ unique, giving you total confidence it’s submission-ready and one-of-a-kind.

In terms of cellulitis risk factors, after controlling for potential confounders, older patients were more likely to have dependent odema (OR 4.0 CI 1.3-12.6, p=0.018); but less likely to be obese (OR 0.3, CI 0.1-1.0, P=0.012) or had a prior history of cellulitis (OR 0.3, CI 0.1-1.0, P= 0.044) than younger patients. The risk of peripheral vascular disease, tinea pedis and cutaneous dermatitis were similar in both groups.

Cellulitis presenting features such as pain, fever, chills and vital signs (temperature, heart rate and blood pressure) did not significantly differ between the two groups. The severity of cellulitis, as defined by the Eron classification also did not differ between groups with the majority of patients having Eron Classes I and II. (Table 1)

Initial laboratory results revealed that older patients had lower hemoglobin [122.1 (±16.4) vs 135.0 (±19.4), P=0.002] and albumin [38.0 (±47) vs 41.4 (±4.1), P<0.001] and higher urea level [7.9 (5.8-12.4) vs 5.8 (4.8-8.4), P=0.011] compared to their younger counterparts. CRP white cell count (WCC) and positive rate of blood culture did not differ between the two groups. (Table 2)

Older inpatients presenting with cellulitis were less likely to be referred to hospital in the home (HITH) antibiotic programs for completion of the course of intravenous antibiotics 32.3% vs 59.4% respectively, P=0.012) compared to younger patients. The antibiotic choices did not differ between the two populations, these included cephazolin, flucloxacillin or tazobactam-piperacillin.

Can You Do Any Citation Style?

Yep—APA, Turabian, IEEE, Chicago, MLA, whatever you throw at us! Our writers nail every detail of your chosen style, matching your guidelines down to the last comma and period. It’s all about making sure your paper fits academic expectations perfectly, no sweat.

Older patients with cellulitis were more likely to experience falls or decreased mobility (38.7% vs 15.9% respectively, P = 0.020) compared to the younger group. (Table 2). Despite this, they had similar LOS to their younger counterparts [10 (7-15) vs 8 (6-13) respectively, P=0.403]. There was one death in each group and the rates of ICU admission, surgical intervention and 28-day readmission were similar in the two groups.

 

Discussion

In this study, we found that older people, despite being frailer than their younger counterparts, had similar treatment outcomes after presenting to hospital with mild to moderate limb cellulitis.

Can I Adjust Instructions Later?

Absolutely—life happens, and we’re flexible! Chat with your writer anytime through our system to update details, tweak the focus, or add new requirements, and they’ll pivot fast to keep your paper on point. It’s all about making sure the final draft is exactly what you need, no stress involved.

In our study, most of the potential risk factors for cellulitis were similar in the older and younger age groups; however, older patients were more likely to have dependent oedema and impaired mobility, and less likely to be obese. Other conditions noted to be more common in the older group were congestive cardiac failure, atrial fibrillation, dementia and malignancy. We believe this finding reflected the higher prevalence of these conditions in the older population rather than an association with cellulitis.

Over 25% of older patients with cellulitis lived in residential aged care facilities. This finding raised the opportunity for the provision of ambulatory care antibiotic programs in aged care homes potentially avoiding the need for hospitalisation for residents with cellulitis.

There were no significant differences in the clinical presentation of cellulitis between the two age groups (i.e., duration of cellulitis symptoms, heart rate, blood pressure, temperature, white cell count, CRP and Eron severity classification). Atypical and blunted physiological response to infection with age has been documented in the literature. In severe sepsis, a reduced physiological response can lead to rapid progression of sepsis .^{2,3, 21} Our results did not support a blunted response to infection in older patients with cellulitis; we, however, did not have any patients with severe sepsis to examine the inflammatory response in more detail.

In our study, older patients experienced more falls and impaired mobility during the admission for cellulitis compared to younger patients. While these factors might have made their hospital discharge planning more complex, they did not translate into an increased hospital length of stay. Previously described risk factors affecting LOS in cellulitis (comprising of age, hypoalbuminaemia, bacteraemia, obesity, diabetes mellitus, tachycardia, hypotension, leukocytosis, and elevated serum creatinine), ^{7,12,13,14,15} tended to be skewed towards age and hypoalbuminaemia for the older group and obesity for the younger group in our study.

How Do I Get Started?

It’s super easy—order online with a few clicks, then track progress with drafts as your writer works their magic. Once it’s done, download it from your account, give it a once-over, and release payment only when you’re thrilled with the result. It’s fast, affordable, and built with students like you in mind!

There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of mortality, ICU admission, and surgical intervention for cellulitis complications. The majority of patients in both groups had Eron Class I or II cellulitis and did not sustain physiological decompensations; however, in more severe cases of cellulitis, one would expect ageing physiology to sustain more physiological decompensations which may then influence the above parameters.

A lower proportion of older inpatients discharged to HITH programs might have been attributable to their medical comorbidities and functional criteria not meeting HITH requirements. As such, additional health resources may allow HITH programs to manage these complex patients but this would require further study.

Unlike previous published literature, ¹⁸we did not find a significant difference in the 28-day readmission rate between the two age cohorts in our study. As the readmission rate was less than 5%, a study with greater number of patients would have more power to detect small differences in readmission rates.

 

How Fast for Rush Jobs?

We can crank out a killer paper in 24 hours—quality locked in, no shortcuts. Just set your deadline when you order, and our pros will hustle to deliver, even if you’re racing the clock. Perfect for those last-minute crunches without compromising on the good stuff.

One of the limitations of this study is the small sample size due to a short recruitment period; further study with a larger sample size would assist in validation of our findings. We decided to focus on inpatient cellulitis treatment; however a cellulitis management journey from hospital to community settings would have provided with a more complete picture.

As the number of older patients presenting with cellulitis increases as the population ages, it is important to note that for mild to moderate cellulitis, older patients perform just as well as younger patients with standard cellulitis treatments on clinical and care indicators.

No potential conflicts of interests were disclosed by all the authors.

References

1. National health performance authority analysis of admitted patients care national minimal data set 2013-2014 and Australian Bureau of statistics estimated resident population 30 June 2013

2. Anderson DJ, Kaye KS. Skin and soft tissue infections in older adults.Clin Geriatr Med. 2007; 23(3): 595–613.

 

Can You Handle Complex Subjects?

For sure! Our writers with advanced degrees dive into any topic—think quantum physics or medieval lit—with deep research and clear, sharp writing. They’ll tailor it to your academic level, ensuring it’s thorough yet easy to follow, no matter how tricky the subject gets.

3. Laube S. Skin infections and ageing. Ageing Res Rev. 2004;3(1): 69–89.

 

4. Weng QY, Raff AB, Cohen JM, Gunasekera N, Okhovat JP, Vedak P, et al. Costs and consequences associated with misdiagnosed lower extremity cellulitis. JAMA Dermatol. 2017;153(2): 141–146.

 

5. Gunderson CG, Martinello RA. A systematic review of bacteremias in cellulitis and erysipelas.J Infect. 2012;64(2): 148–155. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2011.11.004.

 

6. Esposito S, Noviello S, Leone S Epidemiology and microbiology of skin and soft tissue infections Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases 2016; 29(2):109–115.

7. Dupuy A, Benchikhi H, Roujeau JC, Bernard P, Vaillant L, Chosidow O, et al. Risk factors for erysipelas of the leg (cellulitis): case-control study. BMJ. 1999;318(7198): 1591–1594.

8. Björnsdóttir S, Gottfredsson M, Thórisdóttir AS, Gunnarsson GB, Ríkardsdóttir H, Hilmarsdóttir I. Risk factors for acute cellulitis of the lower limb: a prospective case–control study. Clin Infect Dis. 2005;41(10): 1416–1422.

9. Karppelin M, Siljander T, Vuopio-Varkila J, Kere J, Huhtala H, Vuento R, et al. Factors predisposing to acute and recurrent bacterial non-necrotizing cellulitis in hospitalized patients: a prospective case–control study. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2010;16(6): 729–734.

10. Halpern J, Holder R, Langford NJ. Ethnicity and other risk factors for acute lower limb cellulitis: a U.K.-based prospective case–control study. Br J Dermatol. 2008;158(6): 1288–1292.

11. Kish TD, Chang MH, Fung HB. Treatment of skin and soft tissue infections in the elderly: a review. Am J Geriatr Pharmacother. 2010;8(6):485–513.

12. Garg A, Lavian J, Lin G, Sison C, Oppenheim M, Koo B. Clinical characteristics associated with days to discharge among patients admitted with a primary diagnosis of lower limb cellulitis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2017;76(4): 626–631.

13. Morpeth SC, Chambers ST, Gallagher K, Frampton C, Pithie AD. Lower limb cellulitis: features associated with length of hospital stay. J Infect. 2006;52(1): 23–29.

14. Figtree M, Konecny P, Jennings Z, Goh C, Krilis SA, Miyakis S. Risk stratification and outcome of cellulitis admitted to hospital. J Infect. 2010;60(6):431–439.

15. Theofiles M, Maxson J, Herges L, Marcelin A, Angstman KB.Cellulitis in obesity: adverse outcomes affected by increases in body mass index. J Prim Care Community Health. 2015;6(4): 233–238.

16. Tan R, Newberry DJ, Arts GJ, Onwuamaegbu ME. The design, characteristics and predictors of mortality in the North of England Cellulitis Treatment Assessment (NECTA). Int J Clin Pract. 2007;61(11): 1889–1893.

17. Carratalà J, Rosón B, Fernández-Sabé N, Shaw E, del Rio O, Rivera A, et al. Factors associated with complications and mortality in adult patients hospitalized for infectious cellulitis. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2003;22(3): 151–157.

18. Garg A, Lavian J, Lin G, Sison C, Oppenheim M, Koo B. Clinical factors associated with readmission among patients with lower limb cellulitis. Dermatology. 2017;233(1): 58–63.

19. Karppelin M, Siljander T, Aittoniemi J, Hurme M, Huttunen R, Huhtala H, et al. Predictors of recurrent cellulitis in five years. Clinical risk factors and the role of PTX3 and CRP. J Infect. 2015;70(5): 467–473.

20. Eron, L. J. 2000. Infections of skin and soft tissues: outcome of a classification scheme. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 31, 287 (A432).

21. Norman DC, Grahn D, Yoshikawa TT (1985) Fever and aging. J Am Geriatr Soc 33: 859.

 

Table 1. Patient Characteristics

How Do You Meet Prof Standards?

We stick to your rubric like glue—nailing the structure, depth, and tone your professor wants—then polish it with edits for that extra shine. Our writers know what profs look for, and we double-check every detail to make sure it’s submission-ready and grade-worthy.

	Age < 75 years (N=69)	Age 75+ years (N=31)	P-value What’s Your Editing Like? Send us your draft and tell us your goals—we’ll refine it, tightening arguments and boosting clarity while keeping your unique voice intact. Our editors work fast, delivering pro-level results that make your paper pop, whether it’s a light touch-up or a deeper rework.
Age mean(SD)	53.4 (±14.2)	84.4 (±5.8)	< 0.001
Female n (%) Can You Pick My Topic? Yes—we’ve got your back! We’ll brainstorm fresh, workable ideas tailored to your assignment, picking ones that spark interest and fit the scope. You choose the winner, and we’ll turn it into a standout paper that’s all yours.	23 (33.3%)	16 (48.5%)	0.12
BMI	36.0 (±12.3)	28.3 (±8.0)	<0.001 Do You Do Quick Revisions? Yep—need changes fast? We’ll jump on your paper and polish it up in hours, fixing whatever needs tweaking so it’s ready to submit with zero stress. Just let us know what’s off, and we’ll make it right, pronto.
Residential Aged Care Facility	2 (2.9%)	8 (25.8%)	0.001
Mobility			<0.001 Can You Outline First? Sure thing! We’ll whip up a clear outline to map out your paper’s flow—key points, structure, all of it—so you can sign off before we dive in. It’s a handy way to keep everything aligned with your vision from the start.
Mobile unaided	61 (88.4%)	13 41.9%)
Mobile with aid	8 (11.6%)	18 (58.1%)
Dependent oedema	– Can You Add Data or Graphs? Absolutely—we’ll weave in sharp analysis or eye-catching visuals like stats and charts to level up your paper. Whether it’s crunching numbers or designing a graph, our writers make it professional and impactful, tailored to your topic.	4.0 (1.3-12.6)	0.018
Risk factors† OR (95% CI)
Peripheral vascular disease	–	3.1 (0.9-10.6)	0.079
Obesity (BMI>30)	–	0.3 (0.1-0.8) How Do You Manage Big Projects? We tackle each chunk with precision, keeping quality consistent and deadlines on track from start to finish. Whether it’s a dissertation or a multi-part essay, we stay in sync with you, delivering top-notch work every step of the way.	0.012
Previous cellulitis	–	0.3 (0.1-1.0)	0.044 Do You Follow Global Academic Rules? Yes—we’ve got it down! Our writers switch seamlessly between UK, US, Australian, or any other standards, matching your school’s exact expectations. Your paper will feel native to your system, polished and ready for wherever you’re studying.
Tinea pedis	–	0.9 (0.2-4.1)	0.930
Venous dermatitis What is a progressive delivery and how does it work? Progressive delivery is a cool option where we send your paper in chunks—perfect for big projects like theses or dissertations. You can even pay for it in installments. It’s just 10% extra on your order price, but the perks are worth it. You’ll stay in closer touch with your writer and can give feedback on each part before they move to the next. That way, you’re in the driver’s seat, making sure everything lines up with what you need. It saves time too—your writer can tweak things based on your notes without having to redo huge sections later.	–	0.5 (0.1-2.0)	0.302
Comorbidities I received some comments from my teacher. Can you help me with them? Absolutely! If your teacher’s got feedback, you can request a free revision within 7 days of approving your paper—just hit the revision request button on your personal order page. Want a different writer to take a crack at it? You can ask for that too, though we might need an extra 12 hours to line someone up. After that 7-day window, free revisions wrap up, but you can still go for a paid minor or major revision (details are on your order page). What if I’m not satisfied with my order? If your paper needs some tweaks, you’ve got that free 7-day revision window after approval—just use the “Revision” button on your page. Once those 7 days are up, paid revision options kick in, and the cost depends on how much needs fixing. Chat with our support team to figure out the best way forward. If you feel the writer missed the mark on your instructions and the quality’s off, let us know—we’ll dig in and sort it out. If revisions don’t cut it, you can ask for a refund. Our dispute team will look into it and figure out what we can offer. Check out our money-back guarantee page for the full scoop.
Diabetes	23 (31.9%)	6 (19.4%)	0.24
Hypertension	16 (23.2%)	14 (45.2%)	0.035
IHD	11 (15.9%)	10 (32.3%)	0.11
CCF	10 (14.5%)	9 (29.0%)	0.10
AF	4 (5.8%)	11 (33.5%)	< 0.001
Dementia	1 (1.4%)	7 (22.6%)	0.001
Malignancy	1 (1.4%)	5 (16.1%)	0.010
DVT	3 (4.3%)	5 (16.1%)	0.10
PE	2 (2.9%)	5 (16.1%)	0.072
Steroid use last 3 months	3 (4.3%)	3 (9.7%)	0.37
Duration of symptoms median (IQR)	3.0 (2.0 – 6.0)	4.0 (2.0 – 14.0)	0.23
Fever and chills	19 (27.5%)	6 (19.4%)	0.46
Heart rate	92 (±17)	89 (±15)	0.384
BP – Systolic	136 (±18)	143 (±24)	0.158
BP _Diastolic	75 (±12)	72 (±11)	0.227
Temperature	37.4 (±1.0)	37.3 (±1.0)	0.796
Pain score			0.055
Mild 0-3	32 (51.6%)	14 (53.8%)
Moderate 4-7	20 (32.3%)	12 (46.2%)
Severe 8-10	10 (16.1%)	0
Pathology
Haemoglobin	135.0 (±19.4)	122.1 (±16.4)	0.002
White cell count	11.3 (±5.1)	11.1 (±6.0)	0.61
Albumin	41.4 (±4.1)	38.0 (±4.7)	0.001
Creatinine – median (IQR)	88 (76-106)	93 (71-131)	0.692
Urea – median (IQR)	5.8 (4.8-8.4)	7.9 (5.8-12.4)	0.011
CRP – median (IQR)	33 (15-117)	60 (9-133)	0.919
Blood culture	29 (42.0%)	18 (58.1%)	0.071
Eron Classification			0.415
Class I	10 (14.5%)	2 (6.5%)
Class II	55 (79.7%)	26 (83.9%)
Class III	4 (5.8%)	3 (9.7%)
Class IV	0	0

† Logistic regression – Chi-square = 17.868, p=0.007, df=6, Nagelkerke’s R2 0.230; BMI body mass index; IHD ischaemic heart disease; AF atrial fribrillation; CCF congestive cardiac failure; DVT deep vein thrombosis; PE pulmonary embolism; CRP C reactive protein.

Table 2. Treatment, Complications and Outcomes
Characteristics	Age < 75 years (N=69)	Age 75+ years (N=31)	P-value
Completed treatment via HiTH	41 (59.4%)	10 (32.3%)	0.012
Duration of IV antibiotic – median (IQR)	6 (4-8)	4 (2-9)	0.059
Length of hospital stay – median (IQR)	8 (6-13)	10 (7-15)	0.403
Antibiotics			0.121
Cephazolin	47 (51.1%)	16 (32.7%)
Flucloxacillin	20 (21.7%)	12 (24.5%)
Tazobactam-piperacillin	7 (7.6%)	4 (8.2%)
Complications
DVT	0	0	1
PE	0	1 (3%)	0.31
Fall or decreased mobility	11 (15.9%)	12 (38.7%)	0.020
Nosocomial infection	1 (1.4%)	3 (9.7%)	0.087
Delirium	1 (1.4%)	2 (6.5%)	0.23
Outcomes
Death	1 (1.4%)	1 (3.0%)	0.531
Needing surgical intervention	3 (4.3%)	2 (6.5%)	0.644
ICU admission	0	0	1
Readmission within 28 days	4 (5.8%)	0	0.308

HiTH hospital in the home; DVT deep vein thrombosis; PE pulmonary embolism

Tags: 1500 Words Assessment Brief, Ace-myhomework, Do My Assignment for Me Online - Write Academic Papers, Need expert to write a word essay