Brain Drain And High Taxes Essay Research

Brain Drain And High Taxes Essay, Research Paper

Brain Drain and High Taxes:

Is there a correlativity?

Introduction:

Campaigners against high revenue enhancements use the job of encephalon drain as the perfect whipping boy to portray themselves as guardians of national involvement. Brain drain is a dyslogistic description of the inclination for skilled workers to seek employment off from their ain state. Canada can associate to the encephalon drain job and its worst enemy is the United States. The drain of cognition started off as merely a small drip. But it became an issue of involvement by the early 1990 & # 8217 ; s, as there was grounds of Canada going a net also-ran of skilled workers to the United States, even though Canada was besides a receiver of skilled workers on a world-wide footing. & # 8220 ; Taxation is proving the commitment of some of Canada & # 8217 ; s best and brightest & # 8221 ; , claims John Roth who is the vice-chairman and main executive officer of Nortel Networks ( Canada Newswire, 1999, page1 ) .

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A web design and technology company like Nortel Networks has to cover with a deficit of skilled hi-tech workers in Canada and therefore blindly indicate the finger at high revenue enhancements to be the cause of this job. Hence, clearly high-taxes have become a perfect alibi for those who are seeking to avoid covering with the existent grounds behind the encephalon drain job.

Mentioning to the statement made by the Canadian Alliance Leader, Stockwell Day that, & # 8220 ; High revenue enhancements are forcing some skilled workers to the U.S & # 8221 ; ( Canada NewsWire, 2000, Page1 ) . It clearly shows that, the above persons have non taken into head the correlativity between the encephalon drain and other factors, such as Canadian public sector cutbacks, the deficiency of professional and skilled businesss available with higher wages, and the deficient sum of investing put into research development, which besides have a major function to play. Realistically, the revenue enhancement derived function is non a major issue for Canadians who have moved or who are be aftering to travel to the United States. And despite all the myths and research that claim high-taxes to be the primary cause for Canada & # 8217 ; s best and brightest to traverse the boundary line, this alleged revenue enhancement advantage from a move to the United States may non be really important at all.

In order to unclutter up the misconception of revenue enhancements holding to be the major cause for the encephalon drain, many articles have referred to a study conducted by the PricewaterhouseCoopers and ComputerWorld Canada in September 1999, to endorse them up. More specifically, journalist Murray G. Dobbin wrote an article on the & # 8220 ; Brain drain- bunk & # 8221 ; , and used this study to strongly turn out that the revenue enhancement degree in Canada has nil to make with why people immigrate to the United States. The study was conducted by inquiring high tech workers to name all the factors that they will take into consideration when looking for another occupation. And the consequences show that revenue enhancements did non even do it into the top 10 considerations. The chief concerns to the persons in the study were to make with the manner their employer respected and supported them. Which was so followed by concerns to make with sufficient wellness attention benefits, paid preparation and if the company was offering the latest engineering for them to work with. Thus, the most important grounds for Canadians hi-tech workers to desire to emirate to the U.S. had to make with factors related to the attitude of employers. & # 8220 ; It is non surprising that those same employers look around for something else to fault. And as they are already on record as desiring to & # 8216 ; down-size & # 8217 ; authorities societal plans and income redistribution, why non fault revenue enhancements? & # 8221 ; claims Dobbin and is obviously to instance for many.

The cause for concern:

Based on the cognition that,

& # 8220 ; Emigrants to the United States are more than twice as likely to keep an university grade than are immigrants to Canada. However, because of the overall greater figure of immigrants, there are four times as many university degree alumnuss come ining Canada from the remainder of the universe as, there are university degree holders of all degrees go forthing for the U.S & # 8221 ; ( Education Quarterly Review, 2000, page 8 ) .

So why so do we hold to be concerned about the encephalon drain issue if Canada is non really losing that many skilled workers to the United States? The concern lies in the fact that, those that are go forthing are largely from high-technology industries, which include technology, computing machine scientific discipline and communications. Besides many workers employed in infirmaries and schools in Canada are go forthing every bit good. Consequently, it is necessary to concentrate on the grounds why such out-migration occurs in the above-named industries, as they are all critical pillars that hold up the Canadian Economy.

When covering with the escape of Canadian skilled workers, it non merely deals with a loss to the Canadian knowledge-based economic system, but it besides implies a loss in social investing made by the Canadian Government. Comparing the sum of investing in accomplishment development, & # 8220 ; Canada ranks foremost among the G-7 states when it comes to education disbursement & # 8221 ; ( HRDC and Industry Canada, 1999, Page 5 ) . With all the money invested, it should be a concern to the Canadian Government if all its net incomes, which are in the signifier of skilled workers, are go forthing for the United States.

Furthermore, the likeliness of holding a Canadian leave, based on his or her instruction degree demands to be observed every bit good. A National Graduate Survey in 1995 claims that, & # 8221 ; About 4,600 Canadian post-secondary alumnuss in 1995 were populating in the U.S. two old ages subsequently & # 8221 ; ( HRDC and Industry Canada, 1999, Page 15 ) . And what is more concerning is, based on the above study 42 % of alumnuss who moved to the United States for work-related grounds was ranked in the top 10 % of their category, while 81 % were in the top one-fourth of those who left. More so, the study depicts a farther tendency in the proportion of Canadian alumnuss who moved. The proportion of alumnuss who did travel that happen to hold a grade in wellness, math, technology and applied scientific disciplines was above norm. Therefore, clearly it is a cause for concern when Canada starts to free its best and brightest to the United States after all the attempt Canada took to educate them.

Questioning the presence of a existent revenue enhancement advantage:

Consequently, statements against a correlativity between the encephalon drain and high revenue enhancements are demonstrated in: Toronto Star, November 6th, 1999, which reports a survey conducted in 1998 by Michael Wolfson and Brian Murphy for Statistics Canada. They set about to compare the disposable incomes ( i.e. what was left behind for ingestion and salvaging when all the revenue enhancements and tax write-offs were completed. ) of Canadian and American households.

This survey asserts that, & # 8221 ; Families.living in the United States are non needfully better off in footings of disposable income, than their Canadian opposite numbers & # 8221 ; ( Speirs, 1999, page 1 ) . Further probe into the job led the two writers to believe that the first 30 five per centum of Canadians in the sample were better off in absolute footings than the Americans studied. One may reason the possibility of this occurrence by offering grounds of Americans being paid a higher salary than Canadians on norm. But what about recognizing that there are more individuals in the United States than Canada who are highly rich, and so it is possible for the income norm to be raised up much more that that of Canada. Hence, there is clearly room for a batch of misconception sing the alleged revenue enhancement advantage of traveling to the U.S.

Following, would it be wrong to presume that there may be if any an undistinguished revenue enhancement advantage from traveling south? Those who have already moved seem to go unhappily cognizant of this lone after all the dust has settled. The Toronto Star conducted an interview with a registered nurse who was originally from Toronto and now works in a Kansas Hospital. Now gaining about $ 27,500 U.S by working in Kansas and relatively paying less revenue enhancements and rent than in Toronto, the above single finds herself paying more in medical and malpractice insurance on top of it all. Furthermore, the Toronto Star states that, & # 8221 ; Overall, she says her disbursals may number less, but she & # 8217 ; s non as far in front as she expected- and she misses the quality of life she was able to afford in a Canadian metropolis & # 8221 ; ( Speirs, 1999, page 2 ) . Although the above illustration refers to merely an single and may non properly stand for the overall image, what needs to be made clear is every bit follows. She possibly doing more money and overall be salvaging a little more than compared to before, but is that revenue enhancement advantage truly deserving losing out on holding a better quality of life, such as a safer vicinity and a cleansing agent environment.

Canadian advocators to revenue enhancement film editing have taken for granted the advantage of life in an classless society ( i.e. a society that asserts equality of world ) . And further doing the error of seting Canada and the United States into one large image. How is this possible when they are two wholly different states all together? The Canadian revenue enhancement and transportation system attempts to redistribute wealth in an effort to even out the extremes between the rich and the hapless.

& # 8221 ; In Canada, authoritiess revenue enhancement upper middle-income earners and the rich much more stiffly, and travel easier on those with lower incomes. The hapless, and those in the lower middle-income scopes, stop up with more in their pockets in this state than they do in the States & # 8221 ; ( Speirs, 1999, page 1 ) .

Furthermore, what needs to be realized I

s that about half of Canada’s revenue enhancement money is traveling into paying off an involvement on an accumulated public debt incurred by authorities disbursement in the past, while the staying goes to investing and public services. Canada and the United States may be neighbors, but they are two wholly different societies confronting wholly different jobs. America has a greater sum of persons who are highly rich along with a larger population overall, which enables it’s authorities to harvest much more in income revenue enhancements from which more attractive wages and investing into research and development can be offered. Obviously, revenue enhancement cut advocators need to recognize this differentiation before get downing to compare revenue enhancement rates in Canada and the United States.

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Merely after taking into consideration the sum of existent goods and services each unit of money can purchase, which is besides known as buying power, a proper comparing can be made between the United States and Canada with respect to the sum of revenue enhancements they both pay.

With the usage of the measuring of the buying power para between Canada and the United States, which is estimated to be $ 1.25 Canadian can approximately buy every bit much as $ 1 American, Statistics Canada was able to compare the sum of income that was traveling into revenue enhancements and societal transportations and tax write-offs. The followers was one of the many consequences that were obtained. & # 8220 ; A Canadian household with two earners and two kids doing $ 75,000 a twelvemonth would pay 23.6 % in revenue enhancements and tax write-offs & # 8221 ; while & # 8220 ; A similar American household doing a comparable $ 60,000 ( U.S. ) would pay 21.6 % & # 8221 ; ( Speirs, 1999, Page 2 ) . Is this 2 % alteration the great revenue enhancement advantage that revenue enhancement cuts advocators are claiming to be present?

Canadian Immigration Laws:

Besides, when turn toing the encephalon drain job, there are Canadian in-migration Torahs that need to be brought to visible radiation every bit good. & # 8221 ; Traditionally, most people go forthing Canada for the United States applied for lasting in-migration & # 8221 ; and & # 8220 ; Temporary visas had restrictions, such as limitations on the figure of reclamations possible & # 8221 ; ( Education Quarterly Review, 2000, page 10 ) . Persons who left Canada with unknown purposes of returning, and lived outside of Canada for more than two old ages are referred to as lasting emigres. But the figure of such skilled workers go forthing for the United States on lasting in-migration licenses has non become all that noticeable during the last few old ages when compared to the early 90 & # 8217 ; s. Continuing, impermanent emigres are Canadians who, have lived outside of Canada for less than two old ages with an unknown purpose of coming

back, or are Canadians who have lived outside of Canada for less than six months with the purpose of coming back place. This option of impermanent migration demands to be looked at closely as there is a turning tendency to it. As grounds to this may perchance be hidden under the easy entree to use and widen impermanent work licenses to the United States.

By utilizing the North American Free Trade Agreement ( NAFTA ) as a utile stepping-stone, skilled workers in Canada are able to easy derive entry into the United States when holding qualified for American occupations. The Human Resources Development of Canada and Industry Canada claims that, & # 8220 ; Evidence suggest that NAFTA and other impermanent visas have become the instrument of pick for skilled Canadians to come in the U.S. to work & # 8221 ; ( 1999, page 10 ) . The above facts come from a elaborate study conducted on Canadian alumnuss in the twelvemonth 1995 that moved to the United States. Mentioning to the pie chart created from this study, alumnuss who moved to the U.S. with the usage of NAFTA visas amounted to 72 % , while 18 % of Canadians graduating in 1995 used other impermanent visas to derive entree to the U.S. Besides, the significant moderation of entry demands under the NAFTA has offered Canadians to maintain regenerating their visas indefinitely. One could raise uncertainty on the dependability of the information on the entire figure of impermanent immigrants from Canada. But, & # 8221 ; Based on the best available informations, we estimate that the entire figure of impermanent skilled emigres to the U.S. ranges between 10,400 and 16,450 & # 8243 ; ( HRDC and Industry Canada, 1999, page 12 ) . Hence, it is clear that the flexibleness of impermanent visas play an of import function in adding to the job of encephalon drain. Canada needs to look closer at its in-migration Torahs and perchance go more in control of its in-migration Torahs for Canadians as a whole.

A loss to Canada & # 8217 ; s knowledge-based economic system:

There has been a great demand for skilled workers all across the universe, most of which was focused on the United States. Workers with post-secondary sheepskin or grades are required to run into the demand for skilled workers. The article on encephalon drain by the HRDC and Industry Canada claims that, & # 8220 ; Canada has the highest post-secondary registration in the universe & # 8221 ; ( 1999, Page 5 ) . Which came about merely with inordinate authorities disbursement on instruction during the early 90 & # 8217 ; s. If so, why so is Canada faced with an unpleasant escape of skilled workers when the presence of a turning demand for them within peculiar industries and businesss exists. & # 8221 ; The package Human Resources Council of Canada estimated a deficit of 20,000 computing machine coders ( Parsons 1996 ) , paralleled by an estimation of 190,000 vacancies in the information engineering sector in the United States ( Miller 1997 ) & # 8221 ; ( HRDC and Industry Canada, 1999, Page 9 ) . Therefore, it is no admiration that Canadian alumnuss are attracted to the higher paying businesss over in the States, which offers a higher likely goon of being hired as good.

In 1997, HRDC and Industry Canada observed the tendency of skilled lasting emigres to the United States by business. The consequences show that, of all skilled workers who immigrated for good to the United States 60 % of them were represented by executives and wellness professionals. Which did the following largest group represented by applied scientists, computing machine and natural scientists follow. The above are persons who are members of cognition based industries and are indispensable in any economic system if there is a hope for growing. Further more, & # 8221 ; During the 1990 & # 8217 ; s, there was a 19 to 1 ratio of doctors go forthing versus come ining Canada in the bilateral exchange with the United States, and likewise a 15 to 1 ratio of nurses.. & # 8221 ; ( Education Quarterly Review, 2000, Page 17 ) . Clearly, it could be argued that, the deficiency of investing for research and development along with initiation to the above industries has caused an escape of Canadians to the U.S. Skilled workers in knowledge-based industries find the U.S. more attractive chiefly because of the sum of establishing available and its attractive wages. The Canadian authorities demands to happen a manner of maintaining its skilled workers within as the facts prove that, & # 8220 ; Canada suffers a net loss of skilled workers to the United States in several cardinal knowledge-based businesss & # 8221 ; ( The Daily, 2000, Page 1 ) . And non merely is it merely skilled workers that are lost, but it & # 8217 ; s a loss in Canadian investing every bit good.

Decision:

Finally, it can be said that the issue of the encephalon drain is far more complex than it first may look, as there are a batch of critical issues that need to be focused on. Unfortunately for Canada, the bulk of those who moved to the U.S were to a great extent composed of better-educated, high-income earners who chiefly represented the premier on the job age group. Those who moved to the U.S. seemed to be influenced by better employment chances, attractive wages, new and improved engineering at the workplace and lower revenue enhancement rates. But as once proved, lower revenue enhancements in the U.S. has non appeared to be a important factor in the determination devising of Canadians who plan on traveling south. The contention of high Canadian revenue enhancements should non be the chief concern in the encephalon drain issue, as there are many more of import jobs that act in correlativity to it and are of greater importance. In an effort to ease the encephalon drain flow it is advised to concentrate on methods that will maintain Canada & # 8217 ; s skilled workers at place. Possibly an effort to promote more transportations into knowledge-based industries and making more ambitious occupation chances for Canadians is one reply. Besides, it is of import to understand the existent issues hidden behind the encephalon drain job before accepting the premises that are merely thrown out at that place as whipping boies for other jobs

Work Cited.

& # 8220 ; Brain drain and encephalon grain: The migration of cognition workers into and out of

Canada & # 8221 ; The Daily 24 May. 2000 Online posting. 2 Nov.2000 ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.statcan.ca/daily/english/000524a.htm. )

& # 8220 ; Canada & # 8217 ; s Tax Regime Drives out & # 8216 ; Scarce Skills & # 8217 ; & # 8221 ; Canada Newswire 29 Apr.1999

Online poster. 2 Nov. 2000 ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.canadiansocialresearch.net/taxes3.htm. )

Dobbin, Murray G. & # 8220 ; Brain drain-nonsense: The revenue enhancement grass is greenish theory doesn & # 8217 ; t wash. & # 8221 ; Online poster. 2 Nov. 2000 ( hypertext transfer protocol: /www.straightgoods.com/item80.asp. )

Education Quarterly Review, 2000, Vol.6, No.3. & # 8220 ; Brain Drain and Brain Gain: The

Migration of Knowledge Workers from and to Canada. & # 8221 ; Statistics Canada

Catalogue no.81-003.

Human Resource Development Canada ( HRDC ) and Industry Canada. 1999.

& # 8220 ; International Migration of Skilled Workers: Facts and Factors. & # 8221 ;

Speirs, Rosemary. & # 8220 ; Tax Surprise: Most of us pay less than Americans in Canada, it & # 8217 ; s

merely the better off who folk out more. & # 8221 ; Toronto Star 6 Nov.1999. Online posting 2 Nov. 2000 ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.canadiansocialresearch.net/taxes.htm. )

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