Alzheimer’s Disease Research on the Effects of Exercise

Alzheimer’s Disease is a disease that affects the nervous system, specifically the brain. It is a disease that attacks the connective tissues in the brain, causing the tissue to die and affecting how the brain functions. The brain shrinks naturally with age, but typically does not lose a large number of neurons. In Alzheimer’s disease the neurons lose connections with other neurons; the connections are usually destroyed in parts of the brain that are used in memory function such as the hippocampus and the entorhinal cortex. The formation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles are a cause to the degeneration of the neurons. The disease then wide spreads to the cerebral cortex, which is in control of speech, reasoning, learning and social behavior. Eventually a person with Alzheimer’s loses their ability to live independently. Because Alzheimer’s is a disease that cannot be cured, actions such as integrating more social contact and changing lifestyle patterns could delay the progression of the disease or even help prevent it.

Alzheimer’s disease takes place in the central nervous system (CNS), which contains the brain, spinal cord, and neurons. In the CNS, the brain is responsible for most of the sensory information and coordination in the body both conscious and unconscious. The brain takes on complex actions like thinking and feeling. There are two types of tissues in the brain, grey and white matter. Grey matter consists of the nerve cell bodies, dendrites and axons. The white matter mostly consists of axons. The hypothalamus is critical for homeostasis in the brain and the body’s internal environment. The cerebrum is responsible for the brains conscious sensations and voluntary movement and also functions like thinking, learning, problem solving and emotion (Newman, 2017). It is no wonder that the symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease affect memory and cognition.

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 Amyloid plaques are said to be a direct cause of neuron death. Amyloid is a term for the protein fragments that the body produces naturally. Alzheimer’s disease is the accumulation of these proteins between nerve cells, specifically the beta amyloid fragments. Normally the beta amyloids are broken down in a healthy brain, but in a diseased brain the pieces form together and create hard plaques that cannot be broken down. Neurofibrillary tangles are hard twisted fibers found in the brain cells these tangles form a microtubule. In a healthy brain the microtubules help transport nutrients to other nerve cells, but in a brain with Alzheimer’s the microtubule structures are collapsed. It is not known if the formation of these plaques and neurofibrillary tangles are the earliest form of the disease process and their role in the direct