Posted: April 3rd, 2023

_____ movements seek to turn back the hands of time to an earlier condition

f QUESTION 1


_______________
movements seek to turn back the hands of time to an earlier condition or state
of being.




a.

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Counter-revolutionary


b.

Regressive


c.

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Revolutionary


d.

Reformist


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1 points
QUESTION 2


______________
refers to the death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of a
termination of pregnancy from any cause related to or aggravated by pregnancy
or the way it is managed.




a.

Infant mortality


b.

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Pregnancy-induced death


c.

Maternal mortality


d.

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Terminal pregnancy




1 points
QUESTION 3


About
50 percent of the world’s population lives in _______ environment.




a.

a
city


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b.

an
urban


c.

a
rural


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d.

a
suburban




1 points
QUESTION 4


Which
of the following fossil fuel-driven activities is a result of the
McDonaldization of society?




a.

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The energy to manufacture, deliver, operate, and eventually
haul away appliances and other products after they become obsolete comes from
burning fossil fuels.


b.

Drive-through services contribute to increased fuel
consumption as queued cares idle while drivers wait to pick up products.


c.

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Humans use fossil fuel–powered trains, cars, buses, boats,
planes, phones, and the Internet to
deliver people, products, services, and
information across national borders.


d.

The energy necessary to manufacture the hardware and to run
the Internet and the billions of computers, servers, and mobile devices it
connects comes from fossil fuels.




1 points
QUESTION 5


______________
is the flow of the most educated people from poor to rich economies.




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a.

In-migration


b.

Subsidized
education


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c.

Out-migration


d.

Brain drain


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1 points
QUESTION 6


A
hydrocarbon society is one in which the use of ________ shapes virtually every
aspect of human personal and social life.




a.

machines


b.

fossil fuels


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c.

minerals


d.

metals




1 points
QUESTION 7


According
to sociologist Ralf Dahrendorf, the structural origins of conflict can be
traced to




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a.

invention and innovation.


b.

decision-making powers of the power elite.


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c.

authority structures.


d.

workers’ demands for higher wages.




1 points
QUESTION 8


A
baby born is __________ has the worst chances of surviving the first year of
life.




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a.

Afghanistan


b.

Mexico


c.

China


d.

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Vietnam




1 points
QUESTION 9


The
population pyramid for Niger can be labeled as _____ because it is broadest at
the base and each successive cohort is smaller than the one below.




a.

constrictive


b.

stationary


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c.

expansive


d.

triangular




1 points
QUESTION 10


“Of
all discoveries and opinions, none may have exerted a greater effect on the
human spirit than the doctrine of Copernicus. The world had scarcely become
known as round and complete in itself when it was asked to waive the tremendous
privilege of being the center of the universe. Never, perhaps, was a greater
demand made on mankind—for by this admission so many things vanished in mist
and smoke!” (Goethe 2004). This description describes




a.

a reformist movement.


b.

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an anomaly.


c.

a paradigm.


d.

a scientific revolution.




1 points
QUESTION 11


Which
one of the following is false about the United States with regard to health
care?




a.

The U.S. spends substantially more than other countries on
health care.


b.

Rising and expensive health care costs have made health care
unaffordable for many Americans.


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c.

The U.S. is a leader in health care outcomes such as infant
mortality and life expectancy.


d.

The U.S. spends an amount on health care that is equal to
17.6% of GDP.




1 points
QUESTION 12


Alcoholism,
violence, drug addiction, behavior problems (ADHD), aging, erectile
dysfunction, sadness, baldness, obesity, and short stature are conditions that
have been




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a.

generalized.


b.

personalized.


c.

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internalized.


d.

medicalized.




1 points
QUESTION 13


Until
recently physicians have “been the voice of authority”. Physician authority has
been undermined by a number of factors. Which one is not one of
those factors?




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a.

Other stakeholders have taken a visible and more active role
in deciding the diagnosis and course of treatment.


b.

Pharmaceutical companies market drugs directly to consumers.


c.

Patients are overwhelmed with information making them
apathetic patients.


d.

Insurance companies often set the terms of care and treatment.




1 points
QUESTION 14


_____________
offers an explanation for why those in low-income and disadvantaged populations
have worse health outcomes and lower life expectancy than those in advantaged
populations.




a.

The theory of the demographic transition


b.

The theory of fundamental causes


c.

Theory of differential association


d.

Labeling theory




1 points
QUESTION 15


Which
one of the following factors is least responsible for the decline in mortality
crises that accompany Stage 2 of the demographic transition?




a.

the discovery of antibiotics


b.

the manufacture of cheap cotton cloth


c.

the discovery of canning as a method for food preservation


d.

the development of winter fodder for cattle




1 points
QUESTION 16

Which one of the following is considered a disease of poverty
(e.g. communicable)?



a.

Depression


b.

Malaria


c.

Heart disease


d.

Cancer




1 points
QUESTION 17

The Global Warming Petition Project seeks to challenge other
social movements that demand reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. This
desire to maintain an existing social order suggests that the Petition Project
is a ____________________ movement.



a.

counter-revolutionary


b.

revolutionary


c.

reformist


d.

regressive




1 points
QUESTION 18


White
argued that an invention will come into being when the cultural base is capable
of supporting an invention. White supported this conclusion by pointing to the
existence of




a.

patents.


b.

simultaneous-independent inventions.


c.

the scientific method.


d.

collaborative research.




1 points
QUESTION 19


Urban
sprawl has contributed to an increased dependence on fossil fuels for which one
of the following reasons?




a.

People are more likely to live in sparsely populated rural
areas.


b.

People live in smaller homes, making them more likely to spend
more time in their cars.


c.

It spreads development beyond cities and makes people
dependent on automobiles.


d.

It causes more people to live within city boundaries, placing
extra strain on power grids.




1 points
QUESTION 20


Highways
and automobiles have created _____ and making it difficult to distinguish
between city, suburbs, and nonurban environments




a.

urban sprawl


b.

planned obsolescence


c.

an anomaly


d.

globalization




1 points
QUESTION 21


Which
one of the following factors represents an example of a push factor?




a.

favorable climate


b.

natural disaster


c.

equal opportunity


d.

employment opportunities




1 points
QUESTION 22


_______________
is formed when a substantial number of people organize to change, to resist
change, or undo change in some area of society.




a.

A social movement


b.

A scientific revolution


c.

Resource mobilization


d.

A basic innovation




1 points
QUESTION 23


During
World War II hundreds of thousands of soldiers were injured by machine gun
shrapnel. The need to restore lost blood resulting from these injuries
motivated doctors to create a system of collecting and preserving blood plasma.
This dynamic supports the idea that




a.

conflict can lead to change.


b.

the actions of leaders influence who is in charge of a situation.


c.

paradigm shifts help people to see the world in new ways.


d.

power resides in the position of physician.




1 points
QUESTION 24


For
many people, the idea that animals, rocks and plants should be treated with
respect is a new idea. In this sense it is a




a.

improving
innovation.


b.

paradigm
shift.


c.

social movement.


d.

regression.




1 points
QUESTION 25
A personal confined to a
wheelchair has the ability to cook, but because stoves were designed for people
who can stand, a _____ has been imposed on them.



a.

medicalization


b.

disease of affluence


c.

disability


d.

mortality crisis




1 points
QUESTION 26


Inventors
may be geniuses, but they also must be born in the right place and at the right
time; this means that




a.

inventors must be born in a capitalist country free of
government control.


b.

people must perceive their inventions as useful.


c.

they must live in a society with a cultural base sufficiently
developed to support their invention.


d.

the society into which they are born must have compulsory
education.




1 points
QUESTION 27


Thomas
Kuhn defines a paradigm as




a.

equivalent to a hypothesis.


b.

the most controversial theories and concepts within a
discipline.


c.

a trial and highly tentative idea.


d.

the dominant and widely accepted theories and concepts in a
particular field of study.




1 points
QUESTION 28


The
explanatory value and hence the status of a paradigm is threatened by the
existence of an anomaly. An anomaly is




a.

a modification of a basic invention.


b.

an observation that the paradigm cannot explain.


c.

a transformation of the social structure.


d.

a dominant and widely accepted theory.




1 points
QUESTION 29


The
transformative process whereby people move away from sparsely populated rural
environments to densely populated urban ones is known as




a.

industrialization.


b.

urban sprawl.


c.

urban renewal.


d.

urbanization.




1 points
QUESTION 30


Each
“upgrade” of the 1903 Wright Flyer (the first successful airplane) increased
the airplane’s capacity to fly farther, higher, faster, and with more
passengers. Upgrades are equivalent to




a.

a basic innovation.


b.

an improving innovation.


c.

a paradigm shift.


d.

an invention.




1 points
QUESTION 31


One
international survey of 100 insurers in 25 countries found that the cost of 22
out of 23 medical services and products ranging from a routine doctor’s visit
to coronary bypass surgery were highest in




a.

the United States


b.

Germany


c.

Canada


d.

Switzerland




1 points
QUESTION 32


_________________
is any significant alteration, modification, or transformation in the
organization and operation of social life.




a.

Social change


b.

Global interdependence


c.

Globalization


d.

Scientific revolution




1 points
QUESTION 33


A
______________ is a group of people who share common experiences and
perspectives by virtue of the time they were born.




a.

cohort


b.

lifestyle


c.

population
pyramid


d.

population
base




1 points
QUESTION 34


The
United States population pyramid qualifies as ______ because, except for the
oldest categories, each cohort is roughly the same size.




a.

constrictive


b.

expansive


c.

stationary


d.

triangular




1 points
QUESTION 35


The
theory of the demographic transition hypothesizes that the less economically
and industrially developed countries will




a.

cease to exist within 100 years due to high death rates.


b.

merge with more advanced countries.


c.

continue to see slow growth rates.


d.

follow the pattern of western Europe and North America.




1 points
QUESTION 36


The
2011 earthquake in Haiti in which 222,500 people died represents a




a.

degenerative
disease.


b.

tragedy.


c.

mortality
crisis.


d.

life expectancy crisis.




1 points
QUESTION 37


Gas
prices rise pennies at a time, triggering little change to driving habits.
However, at some point the price becomes so high that large numbers of people
begin to change their behavior. This point is called the




a.

maximum point.


b.

price point.


c.

supply and demand imbalance.


d.

tipping point.




1 points
QUESTION 38


Anthropologist
Leslie White maintained that inventions control people. He supported this
conclusion with the argument that




a.

when the cultural base is capable of supporting an invention
that invention will come into being whether we want it or not.


b.

the best things in science are found because they are useful
at the time.


c.

human beings have no free will.


d.

necessity is the mother of invention.




1 points
QUESTION 39


A
country is considered modern if it possesses at least eight characteristics.
Which one of the following is considered one of those eight?




a.

Literacy is for an elite few.


b.

People have a voice in economics and political affairs.


c.

A high proportion of the population lives in rural areas.


d.

Energy to produce food, goods, and services revolves around
physical exertion.




1 points
QUESTION 40


Climate
change is fueling the emergence of two opposing groups (an ingroup and an
outgroup). Those groups are




a.

wind versus solar power users.


b.

Arctic peoples/tropical islanders versus people who live in
highest greenhouse gas producing societies.


c.

cold weather versus warm weather peoples.


d.

capitalists versus ecotourists.




1 points
QUESTION 41


A
baby born in __________ has the best chance of surviving its first year of
life.




a.

Japan


b.

the United States


c.

China


d.

Italy




1 points
QUESTION 42


Revolutionary,
unprecedented, or ground-breaking inventions that are the cornerstones for a
wide range of applications are termed




a.

improving
innovation.


b.

basic innovations.


c.

cultural inventions.


d.

science.




1 points
QUESTION 43


The
medicalization process is a five stage process. Stage 1 is




a.

a behavior/condition is defined as deviant.


b.

stakeholders lobby to have the condition added to the list of
conditions medical community treats.


c.

the government gives medical profession a mandate to treat
condition.


d.

the medical diagnosis is accepted.




1 points
QUESTION 44


According
to a survey of health care consumers in 12 countries (Belgium, Brazil, Canada,
China, France, Germany, Luxembourg, Mexico, Portugal, Switzerland, the United
Kingdom, and the United States), people living in ______________are among those
least satisfied with their system of health care.




a.

China


b.

the United States


c.

France


d.

Brazil




1 points
QUESTION 45


Which
one of the following factors represents an example of a pull factor?




a.

high unemployment


b.

favorable climate


c.

political persecution


d.

discrimination




1 points
QUESTION 46


The
U.S. FDA has approved breast implants as well as Botox and other treatments. In
doing so it is granting the medical profession the use of a recommended
treatment. This act falls under which stage of the medicalization process?




a.

legitimacy (stage 4)


b.

prospecting
(stage 2)


c.

institutionalized
(stage 5)


d.

claims making (stage 3)




1 points
QUESTION 47


Refrigerators,
ovens, washers, and dryers built since 2000 are expected to last 8–12 years,
while those built in the 1970s and 1980s lasted 20 years or more. This shift in
product life is an example of




a.

rationalization.


b.

planned obsolescence.


c.

mechanization.


d.

a tipping point.




1 points
QUESTION 48


In
sociology, the concept of tipping point was first applied to




a.

increased fuel costs.


b.

climate change.


c.

the industrial revolution.


d.

white flight.




1 points
QUESTION 49


Stage
1 of the demographic transition is often referred to as the stage of high
potential growth because




a.

the potential crude death rate is 50 per 1,000.


b.

if something happened to cause the death rate to decline,
population would increase dramatically.


c.

the fertility rate is so high.


d.

the mortality rate is so low.




1 points
QUESTION 50

The population pyramid for Japan can be labeled as _____ because
it is narrower at the base than in the middle, which illustrates that the
population consists disproportionately of middle-aged and older people.



a.

expansive


b.

triangular


c.

constrictive


d.

stationary


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