Posted: March 29th, 2023

Development of Renewable Energy Sources Based on Wind Farms and Tidal Power Plants

Development of Renewable Energy Sources Based on Wind Farms and Tidal Power Plants

Renewable energy sources are those that can be replenished naturally and do not contribute to greenhouse gas emissions or environmental pollution. Among the various types of renewable energy sources, wind and tidal power are two promising options that can harness the kinetic energy of the ocean and the atmosphere. In this blog post, we will explore the benefits, challenges and potential of these two technologies, as well as some examples of their applications around the world.

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Wind Farms

Wind farms are clusters of wind turbines that convert the kinetic energy of wind into electrical energy. Wind turbines can be installed on land or offshore, depending on the availability and suitability of the site. Offshore wind farms have several advantages over land-based ones, such as higher wind speeds, lower visual impact, less noise and less interference with other land uses. However, they also face more technical and environmental challenges, such as higher installation and maintenance costs, corrosion, marine life impacts and grid connection issues.

According to the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), the global installed capacity of offshore wind farms reached 34 gigawatts (GW) in 2020, with China, the United Kingdom, Germany, Denmark and Belgium being the top five countries in terms of cumulative capacity. The global offshore wind market is expected to grow rapidly in the coming years, reaching 228 GW by 2030 and 1,400 GW by 2050. Some of the most ambitious offshore wind projects include:

- The Dogger Bank Wind Farm in the North Sea, which will be the world's largest offshore wind farm when completed in 2026, with a capacity of 3.6 GW.
- The Vineyard Wind Project off the coast of Massachusetts, which will be the first large-scale offshore wind farm in the United States, with a capacity of 800 megawatts (MW).
- The Hywind Tampen Project off the coast of Norway, which will be the world's first floating offshore wind farm, with a capacity of 88 MW.

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Tidal Power Plants

Tidal power plants are facilities that use the movement of water caused by tides to generate electricity. There are two main types of tidal power plants: tidal barrages and tidal stream turbines. Tidal barrages are dams that block a bay or an estuary and create a reservoir that can be filled and emptied by the tides. Turbines are installed in the dam to capture the water flow during high and low tides. Tidal stream turbines are similar to underwater wind turbines that are placed in areas with high tidal currents. They rotate as the water passes through them and generate electricity.

Tidal power plants have several advantages over other renewable energy sources, such as high predictability, low visual impact, long lifespan and high load factor. However, they also face some challenges, such as high capital and environmental costs, limited suitable sites, intermittency and grid integration issues.

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According to IRENA, the global installed capacity of tidal power plants was 535 MW in 2019, with China, France, Canada, South Korea and Russia being the top five countries in terms of cumulative capacity. The global tidal power market is expected to grow moderately in the coming years, reaching 3 GW by 2030 and 10 GW by 2050. Some of the most notable tidal power projects include:

- The Sihwa Lake Tidal Power Station in South Korea, which is the world's largest tidal barrage with a capacity of 254 MW.
- The MeyGen Project in Scotland, which is the world's largest tidal stream project with a capacity of 398 MW when fully completed.
- The Swansea Bay Tidal Lagoon Project in Wales, which will be the world's first tidal lagoon project with a capacity of 320 MW if approved.

Conclusion

Wind farms and tidal power plants are two renewable energy sources that can exploit the abundant kinetic energy of the ocean and the atmosphere. They have many benefits for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, enhancing energy security and creating economic opportunities. However, they also face some technical and environmental challenges that need to be addressed. With continued research and development, policy support and public awareness, these two technologies can play a significant role in achieving a clean and sustainable energy future.

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Works Cited

: IRENA (2021). Future of Wind: Offshore Wind Outlook 2021. International Renewable Energy Agency.
: IRENA (2020). Innovation Outlook: Ocean Energy Technologies. International Renewable Energy Agency.

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